不开心时的注视：年轻人中情绪一致的注视，老年人中积极的注视。
Looking while unhappy: mood-congruent gaze in young adults, positive gaze in older adults.
作者信息
Isaacowitz Derek M, Toner Kaitlin, Goren Deborah, Wilson Hugh R
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA.
出版信息
Psychol Sci. 2008 Sep;19(9):848-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02167.x.
Recent findings that older adults gaze toward positively valenced stimuli and away from negatively valenced stimuli have been interpreted as part of their attempts to achieve the goal of feeling good. However, the idea that older adults use gaze to regulate mood, and that their gaze does not simply reflect mood, stands in contrast to evidence of mood-congruent processing in young adults. No previous study has directly linked age-related positive gaze preferences to mood regulation. In this eye-tracking study, older and younger adults in a range of moods viewed synthetic face pairs varying in valence. Younger adults demonstrated mood-congruent gaze, looking more at positive faces when in a good mood and at negative faces when in a bad mood. Older adults displayed mood-incongruent positive gaze, looking toward positive and away from negative faces when in a bad mood. This finding suggests that in older adults, gaze does not reflect mood, but rather is used to regulate it.
最近的研究发现，老年人会将目光投向具有正性效价的刺激物，并远离具有负性效价的刺激物，这被解释为他们试图实现感觉良好这一目标的一部分。然而，老年人利用目光来调节情绪，且他们的目光并非仅仅反映情绪这一观点，与年轻人情绪一致加工的证据形成了对比。此前没有研究直接将与年龄相关的积极注视偏好与情绪调节联系起来。在这项眼动追踪研究中，处于一系列情绪状态下的老年人和年轻人观看了效价不同的合成人脸对。年轻人表现出情绪一致的注视，心情好时更多地看向正面人脸，心情不好时则看向负面人脸。老年人表现出情绪不一致的积极注视，心情不好时看向正面人脸并远离负面人脸。这一发现表明，在老年人中，目光并非反映情绪，而是用于调节情绪。
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