Department of Lifespan Psychology, Max PlanckInstitute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
Emotion. 2013 Jun;13(3):424-33. doi: 10.1037/a0031351. Epub 2013 Feb 11.
Much is known about reactive mood changes due to unpleasant tasks or situations. This research provides evidence that recurring events may also elicit anticipatory mood changes, and that both reactive and anticipatory mood responses need to be considered when studying affective experiences and emotion regulation. Based on prevalent theories on emotion regulation, we propose that anticipatory and reactive mood responses to recurring unpleasant events may change throughout adulthood, reflecting an age-related shift in emotion-regulation priorities. An unpleasant (monotonous) face-rating task across 10 100-min sessions was completed by 154 participants aged 20 to 81 years. Positive mood was assessed before and after each session. Almost all participants experienced a decline in positive mood while working on the task. However, in contrast to younger adults who showed a rapid drop in pretask mood in line with previous experience, older adults maintained their positive pretask mood across several sessions, suggesting a shift from anticipatory mood adjustment to positive mood maintenance with advancing adult age.
人们对由于不愉快的任务或情况引起的情绪反应变化已经有了很多了解。这项研究提供了证据表明，反复出现的事件也可能引起预期的情绪变化，并且在研究情感体验和情绪调节时，需要同时考虑反应性和预期性的情绪反应。基于流行的情绪调节理论，我们提出，对反复出现的不愉快事件的预期和反应性情绪反应可能会在整个成年期发生变化，反映出与年龄相关的情绪调节优先事项的转变。154 名年龄在 20 至 81 岁的参与者在 10 个 100 分钟的会议上完成了一项不愉快（单调）的面部评分任务。在每次会议之前和之后都评估了积极的情绪。几乎所有参与者在完成任务时都经历了积极情绪的下降。然而，与年轻人相比，年轻人的预先情绪下降与之前的经验相符，而老年人在几轮会议中保持了积极的预先情绪，这表明随着成年年龄的增长，从预期情绪调整到积极情绪维持的转变。
