Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:614074. doi: 10.1155/2014/614074. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
Hormones produced by the adrenal glands and adipose tissues have important roles in normal physiology and are altered in many disease states. Obesity is associated with changes in adrenal function, including increase in adrenal medullary catecholamine output, alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, elevations in circulating aldosterone together with changes in adipose tissue glucocorticoid metabolism, and enhanced adipocyte mineralocorticoid receptor activity. It is unknown whether these changes in adrenal endocrine function are in part responsible for the pathogenesis of obesity and related comorbidities or represent an adaptive response. In turn, adipose tissue hormones or "adipokines" have direct effects on the adrenal glands and interact with adrenal hormones at several levels. Here we review the emerging evidence supporting the existence of "cross talk" between the adrenal gland and adipose tissue, focusing on the relevance and roles of their respective hormones in health and disease states including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and primary disorders of the adrenals.
肾上腺和脂肪组织产生的激素在正常生理中起着重要作用，并且在许多疾病状态下都会发生改变。肥胖与肾上腺功能的改变有关，包括肾上腺髓质儿茶酚胺输出增加、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴的改变、循环醛固酮水平升高以及脂肪组织糖皮质激素代谢的改变，以及增强脂肪细胞盐皮质激素受体活性。尚不清楚这些肾上腺内分泌功能的改变是否部分导致肥胖及其相关合并症的发病机制，还是代表一种适应性反应。反过来，脂肪组织激素或“ adipokines ”对肾上腺有直接影响，并在多个水平上与肾上腺激素相互作用。在这里，我们综述了支持肾上腺和脂肪组织之间存在“串扰”的新证据，重点关注它们各自的激素在健康和疾病状态（包括肥胖、代谢综合征和肾上腺原发性疾病）中的相关性和作用。
