Azeem Mohammad, Tashani Mohamed, Barasheed Osamah, Heron Leon, Hill-Cawthorne Grant A, Haworth Elizabeth, Dwyer Dominic E, Rashid Harunor, Booy Robert
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2014;14(2):125-32. doi: 10.2174/1871526514666140713161757.
Resistance to antimicrobial agents has increased for reasons relating to the use and misuse of antimicrobials in human, agriculture and aquaculture. Antimicrobial use is quite high during mass gatherings such as the Hajj pilgrimage. To reduce non-prescription use and inappropriate prescribing of antimicrobials, a more thorough understanding of their use and the motives behind why patients request, even demand, antimicrobials, fail to adhere to the prescription is important. Therefore, we conducted a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey among Australian Hajj pilgrims in Mecca during Hajj 2013 using an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire concerning antimicrobial use. Our sample consisted of 229 adult Australian subjects. Mean age was 42.4 (SD±12.7) years, 178 (77.9%) were male and 80 (34.9%) used antimicrobials during their stay in Saudi Arabia. Twenty one (26.3%) obtained these in Saudi Arabia without prescription, and about half (38, 47.5%) brought them from Australia. Of the respondents, 55.8% believed that antibiotics are effective against viruses, 53.6% thought that antibiotics are effective against common cold and flu, 78.6 % that humans themselves can become resistant to antibiotics and 75.9% knew that overuse or unnecessary use of antibiotics can cause them to lose effectiveness. This study has revealed that Hajj pilgrims have inappropriate access to antimicrobials in Saudi Arabia as well as in Australia. A large scale education campaign and tighter control on prescribing and dispensing of antimicrobials could improve the appropriate antimicrobial use among Hajj pilgrims.
由于在人类、农业和水产养殖中抗菌药物的使用和滥用，对抗菌药物的耐药性有所增加。在诸如麦加朝觐等大规模集会期间，抗菌药物的使用相当高。为了减少非处方使用和不适当开具抗菌药物的情况，更全面地了解其使用情况以及患者要求甚至索要抗菌药物、不遵守处方背后的动机非常重要。因此，我们在2013年朝觐期间对在麦加的澳大利亚朝觐者进行了一项关于抗菌药物使用的知识、态度和行为（KAP）调查，使用的是一份匿名的、自行填写的问卷。我们的样本包括229名成年澳大利亚受试者。平均年龄为42.4（标准差±12.7）岁，178人（77.9%）为男性，80人（34.9%）在沙特阿拉伯停留期间使用了抗菌药物。其中21人（26.3%）在沙特阿拉伯无处方获取了这些药物，约一半（38人，47.5%）是从澳大利亚带来的。在受访者中，55.8%认为抗生素对病毒有效，53.6%认为抗生素对普通感冒和流感有效，78.6%认为人类自身会对抗生素产生耐药性，75.9%知道过度使用或不必要使用抗生素会导致其失效。这项研究表明，朝觐者在沙特阿拉伯以及澳大利亚都能不恰当地获取抗菌药物。开展大规模教育活动并加强对抗菌药物处方和配药的管控，可能会改善朝觐者对抗菌药物的合理使用情况。
