Alqahtani Amani Salem, Tashani Mohamed, Heywood Anita Elizabeth, Almohammed Abdulrahman Bader S, Booy Robert, Wiley Kerrie Elizabeth, Rashid Harunor
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2020 May 4;8(2):78. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy8020078.
This study assessed Australian Hajj pilgrims' knowledge, attitude and practices throughout their Hajj journey to understand their health behaviors, use of preventative measures and development of illness symptoms. A prospective cohort study with data collection at three phases (before, during and after Hajj) was conducted among Australian pilgrims between August and December 2015. Baseline data were collected from 421 pilgrims before Hajj, with 391 providing follow-up data during Hajj and 300 after their home return. Most participants (78% [329/421]) received one or more recommended vaccines; travel agents' advice was the main factor affecting vaccination uptake. Most participants (69% [270/391]) practiced hand hygiene with soap and sanitizers frequently, followed by disposable handkerchief use (36% [139/391]) and washing hands with water only (28% [111/391]). During Hajj 74% (288/391) of participants reported one or more illness symptoms, 86% (248/288) of these symptoms were respiratory. Cough was less often reported among pilgrims who received vaccinations, cleaned their hands with soap or alcoholic hand rubs, while a runny nose was less common among those who frequently washed their hands with plain water but was more common among those who used facemasks. This study reveals that most Australian Hajj pilgrims complied with key preventative measures, and that tour group operators' advice played an important role in compliance. Pilgrims who were vaccinated and practiced hand hygiene were less likely to report infection symptoms.
本研究评估了澳大利亚朝觐者在整个朝觐旅程中的知识、态度和行为，以了解他们的健康行为、预防措施的使用情况以及疾病症状的发展。2015年8月至12月期间，对澳大利亚朝觐者进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，在三个阶段（朝觐前、朝觐期间和朝觐后）收集数据。在朝觐前从421名朝觐者收集了基线数据，391人在朝觐期间提供了随访数据，300人在回国后提供了数据。大多数参与者（78%[329/421]）接种了一种或多种推荐疫苗；旅行社的建议是影响疫苗接种率的主要因素。大多数参与者（69%[270/391]）经常使用肥皂和消毒剂进行手部卫生，其次是使用一次性手帕（36%[139/391]）和仅用水洗手（28%[111/391]）。在朝觐期间，74%（288/391）的参与者报告了一种或多种疾病症状，其中86%（248/288）的症状是呼吸道症状。在接种疫苗、用肥皂或酒精擦手液清洁双手的朝觐者中，咳嗽的报告较少，而在经常用清水洗手的人中，流鼻涕较少见，但在使用口罩的人中更常见。这项研究表明，大多数澳大利亚朝觐者遵守了关键的预防措施，旅游团运营商的建议在遵守方面发挥了重要作用。接种疫苗并进行手部卫生的朝觐者报告感染症状的可能性较小。
