Reuland-Bosma W
Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 2013 Oct;120(10):541-5.
In Down syndrome the prevalence of periodontal disease is high. Twentyfive years ago in a series of controlled experiments, based on an experimental gingivitis model, clinical, histological and immunological characteristics of a group children with Down syndrome and matched control children were evaluated. In the Down syndrome children the gingival inflammation occurred earlier and was more extensive. On the tissue level the early response was characterized by a polymorphonuclear leucocytes response. Chemotaxis assays were performed to rule out impaired function. It was found that random migration for the peripheral blood-polymorphonuclear leucocytes and chemotaxis in both groups of children were comparable; hence such a factor cannot be responsible the early polymorphonuclear leucocytes' response in the children with Down syndrome. The most striking feature in the group with Down syndrome was the delayed and impaired response of lymphocytes during plaque development compared to the controls. This impaired lymphocyte function was also observed in a pilot study on 1 child with Down syndrome. It showed a less pronounced T cell suppressor function and a lack of immune regulation. The high level of gingival inflammation in children with Down syndrome must therefore be related to their impaired adaptive immunity.
在唐氏综合征患者中，牙周病的患病率很高。25年前，在一系列基于实验性牙龈炎模型的对照实验中，对一组唐氏综合征患儿和匹配的对照患儿的临床、组织学和免疫学特征进行了评估。在唐氏综合征患儿中，牙龈炎症出现得更早且更广泛。在组织水平上，早期反应的特征是多形核白细胞反应。进行趋化性测定以排除功能受损。结果发现，两组儿童外周血多形核白细胞的随机迁移和趋化性相当；因此，这样一个因素不可能是唐氏综合征患儿早期多形核白细胞反应的原因。与对照组相比，唐氏综合征组最显著的特征是在菌斑形成过程中淋巴细胞反应延迟且受损。在一项对1名唐氏综合征患儿的初步研究中也观察到了这种淋巴细胞功能受损的情况。它显示出不太明显的T细胞抑制功能和免疫调节缺乏。因此，唐氏综合征患儿牙龈炎症水平高一定与其适应性免疫受损有关。
