Ghaffari Daryoush, Hakimi Parizi Maryam, Yaghoobi Ershadi Mohammad Reza, Sharifi Iraj, Akhavan Amir Ahmad
Department of Environment, Kerman, Iran.
Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169-14115 Kerman, Iran.
J Parasit Dis. 2014 Sep;38(3):245-9. doi: 10.1007/s12639-013-0275-8. Epub 2013 Mar 10.
In the Old World, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is zoonoses and natural vertebrate hosts of CL parasites are mammals. This study was carried out on natural infection rates of Leishmania parasites in reservoir hosts in one new focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) and in suspected reservoir in an old focus of ACL in Iran. The sampling of rodents using Sherman traps was carried out and PCR technique was used for detection and identification of Leishmania species in Bahreman district, Kerman province, southeast of Iran. In addition, the smears were taken from suspicious lesions in stray dogs in the city of Kerman, the center of Kerman province. Simultaneously, pieces of lesion (1 × 1×1 cm) were taken for further histopathological examination. Overall, 25 rodents were collected and identified, including Meriones libycus and Rhombomys opimus. Amastigotes were observed in 33 % of the R. opimus by microscopic examination and indentified as Leishmania major by PCR technique. Four suspicious dogs out of 391 stray dogs showed no Leishmania species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first isolation and identification of L. major from R. opimus in Kerman province, where ZCL has been present in recent years. Therefore, R. opimus is considered as the main animal reservoir host in Bahreman ZCL focus. In ACL focus such as the city of Kerman, dogs had no role in CL infection as reservoir host.
在旧大陆，皮肤利什曼病（CL）为人畜共患病，CL寄生虫的天然脊椎动物宿主是哺乳动物。本研究针对伊朗东南部克尔曼省一个新的人畜共患皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）疫源地的保虫宿主以及ACL一个旧疫源地的疑似保虫宿主中利什曼原虫的自然感染率展开。使用谢尔曼陷阱对啮齿动物进行采样，并采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术检测和鉴定伊朗东南部克尔曼省巴赫雷曼地区的利什曼原虫种类。此外，从克尔曼省中心城市克尔曼的流浪狗身上的可疑病变处采集涂片。同时，取病变组织块（1×1×1厘米）进行进一步的组织病理学检查。总共收集并鉴定了25只啮齿动物，包括利比亚沙鼠和大沙鼠。通过显微镜检查，在33%的大沙鼠中观察到无鞭毛体，并通过PCR技术鉴定为硕大利什曼原虫。在391只流浪狗中，有4只可疑狗未检出利什曼原虫种类。据我们所知，这是克尔曼省首次从大沙鼠中分离和鉴定出硕大利什曼原虫，该省近年来一直存在ZCL。因此，大沙鼠被认为是巴赫雷曼ZCL疫源地的主要动物保虫宿主。在克尔曼市这样的ACL疫源地，狗作为保虫宿主在CL感染中不起作用。
