Nat Genet. 2014 Aug;46(8):850-7. doi: 10.1038/ng.3042. Epub 2014 Jul 20.
We report the whole-genome sequence of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). The 2.26-Gb genome of a female marmoset was assembled using Sanger read data (6×) and a whole-genome shotgun strategy. A first analysis has permitted comparison with the genomes of apes and Old World monkeys and the identification of specific features that might contribute to the unique biology of this diminutive primate, including genetic changes that may influence body size, frequent twinning and chimerism. We observed positive selection in growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor genes (growth pathways), respiratory complex I genes (metabolic pathways), and genes encoding immunobiological factors and proteases (reproductive and immunity pathways). In addition, both protein-coding and microRNA genes related to reproduction exhibited evidence of rapid sequence evolution. This genome sequence for a New World monkey enables increased power for comparative analyses among available primate genomes and facilitates biomedical research application.
我们报告了普通狨猴（Callithrix jacchus）的全基因组序列。利用桑格测序读段数据（6倍覆盖度）和全基因组鸟枪法策略，组装了一只雌性狨猴的2.26Gb基因组。首次分析允许与猿类和旧世界猴的基因组进行比较，并鉴定出可能有助于这种小型灵长类动物独特生物学特性的特定特征，包括可能影响体型、频繁孪生和嵌合体的基因变化。我们在生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子基因（生长途径）、呼吸复合体I基因（代谢途径）以及编码免疫生物学因子和蛋白酶的基因（生殖和免疫途径）中观察到正选择。此外，与生殖相关的蛋白质编码基因和微小RNA基因均显示出快速序列进化的证据。这个新世界猴的基因组序列增强了对现有灵长类基因组进行比较分析的能力，并促进了生物医学研究应用。
