Holder Kayla A, Russell Rodney S, Grant Michael D
Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Phillip Drive, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3V6.
Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:903764. doi: 10.1155/2014/903764. Epub 2014 Jun 25.
Viruses must continually adapt against dynamic innate and adaptive responses of the host immune system to establish chronic infection. Only a small minority (~20%) of those exposed to hepatitis C virus (HCV) spontaneously clear infection, leaving approximately 200 million people worldwide chronically infected with HCV. A number of recent research studies suggest that establishment and maintenance of chronic HCV infection involve natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction. This relationship is illustrated in vitro by disruption of typical NK cell responses including both cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Expression of a number of activating NK cell receptors in vivo is also affected in chronic HCV infection. Thus, direct in vivo and in vitro evidence of compromised NK function in chronic HCV infection in conjunction with significant epidemiological associations between the outcome of HCV infection and certain combinations of NK cell regulatory receptor and class I human histocompatibility linked antigen (HLA) genotypes indicate that NK cells are important in the immune response against HCV infection. In this review, we highlight evidence suggesting that selective impairment of NK cell activity is related to establishment of chronic HCV infection.
病毒必须不断适应宿主免疫系统动态的固有免疫和适应性免疫反应，以建立慢性感染。在接触丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的人群中，只有一小部分（约20%）能自发清除感染，全球约有2亿人长期感染HCV。最近的一些研究表明，慢性HCV感染的建立和维持涉及自然杀伤（NK）细胞功能障碍。这种关系在体外表现为典型NK细胞反应的破坏，包括细胞介导的细胞毒性和细胞因子产生。慢性HCV感染还会影响体内多种活化NK细胞受体的表达。因此，慢性HCV感染中NK功能受损的直接体内和体外证据，以及HCV感染结果与NK细胞调节受体和I类人类组织相容性相关抗原（HLA）基因型的某些组合之间的显著流行病学关联表明，NK细胞在针对HCV感染的免疫反应中很重要。在这篇综述中，我们强调了表明NK细胞活性的选择性损伤与慢性HCV感染的建立有关的证据。
