Spallek Jacob, Reeske Anna, Norredam Marie, Nielsen Signe Smith, Lehnhardt Jessica, Razum Oliver
1 Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
1 Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Eur J Public Health. 2015 Feb;25(1):63-71. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku121. Epub 2014 Aug 5.
Concerns about increased suicide risk among immigrants to European countries have been raised. We review the scientific literature on differences in suicide among immigrants compared with the majority populations in Europe's major immigration countries.
We searched the databases PubMed and PsycINFO for peer-reviewed epidemiological studies published in 1990-2011, which compared suicide risks of adult immigrant groups with the risks of the majority population in European countries. Hits were screened by two researchers.
We included 24 studies in the review. No generalizable pattern of suicide among immigrants was found. Immigrants from countries in which suicide risks are particularly high, i.e. countries in Northern and Eastern Europe, experienced higher suicide rates relative to groups without migration background. Gender and age differences were observed. Young female immigrants from Turkey, East Africa and South Asia are a risk group.
Immigrants 'bring along' their suicide risk, at least for the initial period they spend in the immigration country. Health-care planners and providers need to be aware of this 'imported risks'. However, most immigrant groups do not have an increased suicide risk relative to the local-born population; some may even experience substantially lower risks.
人们对欧洲国家移民中自杀风险增加表示担忧。我们回顾了有关移民自杀情况与欧洲主要移民国家多数人口自杀情况差异的科学文献。
我们在PubMed和PsycINFO数据库中搜索了1990年至2011年发表的同行评审流行病学研究，这些研究比较了成年移民群体与欧洲国家多数人口的自杀风险。两名研究人员对搜索结果进行了筛选。
我们在综述中纳入了24项研究。未发现移民自杀的普遍模式。来自自杀风险特别高的国家（即北欧和东欧国家）的移民，相对于没有移民背景的群体，自杀率更高。观察到了性别和年龄差异。来自土耳其、东非和南亚的年轻女性移民是一个风险群体。
移民“带来”了他们的自杀风险，至少在他们在移民国家度过的最初阶段是这样。卫生保健规划者和提供者需要意识到这种“输入性风险”。然而，相对于本地出生人口，大多数移民群体的自杀风险并未增加；有些群体甚至可能经历更低的风险。
