Bauman Christopher W, Trawalter Sophie, Unzueta Miguel M
University of California, Irvine, USA
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2014 Oct;40(10):1354-72. doi: 10.1177/0146167214543881. Epub 2014 Aug 8.
People often treat diversity as an objective feature of situations that everyone perceives similarly. The current research shows, however, that disagreement often exists over whether a group is diverse. We argue that diversity judgments diverge because they are social perceptions that reflect, in part, individuals' motivations and experiences, including concerns about how a group would treat them. Therefore, whether a group includes in-group members should affect how diverse a group appears because the inclusion or apparent exclusion of in-group members signals whether perceivers can expect to be accepted and treated fairly. Supporting our claims, three experiments demonstrate that racial minority group members perceive more diversity when groups included racial in-group members rather than members of other racial minority groups. Moreover, important differences exist between Asian Americans and African Americans, which underscore the need for more research to explore uniqueness rather than commonalities across racial minority groups.
人们常常将多样性视为一种每个人都有相似认知的情境的客观特征。然而，当前的研究表明，对于一个群体是否具有多样性，人们常常存在分歧。我们认为，多样性判断存在差异是因为它们是社会认知，部分反映了个体的动机和经历，包括对一个群体将如何对待他们的担忧。因此，一个群体是否包含内群体成员应该会影响该群体看起来的多样性程度，因为内群体成员的包含或明显排除表明了感知者是否能够期望被接受并得到公平对待。三项实验支持了我们的观点，实验表明，当群体中包含种族内群体成员而非其他种族少数群体成员时，少数种族群体成员会感知到更多的多样性。此外，亚裔美国人和非裔美国人之间存在重要差异，这凸显了需要进行更多研究来探索少数种族群体之间的独特性而非共性。
