Verhofstad A A, Coupland R E, Colenbrander B
Department of Pathology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Arch Histol Cytol. 1989;52 Suppl:351-60. doi: 10.1679/aohc.52.suppl_351.
The development of the noradrenaline (NA)- and adrenaline (A)-storing cells was examined in the adrenal gland of pre- and postnatal rats and pigs. Cryostat sections were immunostained with antibodies to NA and A. Amine levels were estimated in homogenates of adrenals by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 1. In adult animals separate NA- and A-storing cells were found. In the rat A-cells comprised about 80% of the parenchyma of the adrenal medulla. NA-cells, the remaining 20%, were randomly arranged in clusters. In the pig, in contrast, the A- and NA-storing cells were equally distributed, with spherical clusters of NA-cells were surrounded by A-cells. 2. In the earliest developmental stages examined (16th day of gestation in the rat, and 42nd day in the pig) the adrenals only contained NA-immunoreactive cells. In the rat separate NA- and A-storing cells were first noticed 2 or 3 days after birth, whereas in the pig separated cells were already present at the 56th prenatal day (full term at 114th day). 3. In both rat and pig adrenals dopamine (DA), NA and A increased in amount rapidly during development. In the rat this change mainly took place after birth (an increase of 13 times from the 17th day of gestation, and a 100-fold increase from birth to adult age). In porcine adrenal increase of the total amount of amines mainly occurred before birth (200 times between the 42nd day of gestation and birth, whereas only 10 times after birth). 4. In both species DA-levels remained low during pre- and postnatal development. On the contrary, the relative concentrations of NA decreased while that of A increased correspondingly. Again, species differences were noticed: in the rat NA decreased from 90% (17th day of gestation) via 35% (just before birth) to 20% at adult age, while the porcine adrenal showed a more gradual decrease, i.e., from 90% (42nd day of gestation) to 70% (birth) ending up with 50% in the adult stage. 5. The immunohistochemical and biochemical data indicate that, in rat adrenal medulla three phases of development can be distinguished. First, up to the 18th day of gestation, medullary cells synthesize and store only NA. Second, from the 18th day to 2 or 3 days after birth, NA and A are synthesized and stored in a single cell type ("mixed cell type"), and third, NA and A are localized in separate cell types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
对出生前和出生后的大鼠及猪肾上腺中去甲肾上腺素（NA）和肾上腺素（A）储存细胞的发育情况进行了研究。用低温恒冷切片机制作切片，并用抗NA和A的抗体进行免疫染色。通过离子对反相液相色谱-电化学检测法测定肾上腺匀浆中的胺水平。1. 在成年动物中，发现了单独的NA和A储存细胞。在大鼠中，A细胞约占肾上腺髓质实质的80%。其余20%的NA细胞随机聚集成簇。相比之下，在猪中，A和NA储存细胞分布均匀，NA细胞的球形簇被A细胞包围。2. 在最早检测的发育阶段（大鼠妊娠第16天，猪妊娠第42天），肾上腺仅含有NA免疫反应性细胞。在大鼠中，出生后2或3天首次发现单独的NA和A储存细胞，而在猪中，在产前第56天（足月为第114天）就已存在分离的细胞。3. 在大鼠和猪的肾上腺中，多巴胺（DA）、NA和A的含量在发育过程中迅速增加。在大鼠中，这种变化主要发生在出生后（从妊娠第17天增加13倍，从出生到成年增加100倍）。在猪肾上腺中，胺总量的增加主要发生在出生前（从妊娠第42天到出生增加200倍，而出生后仅增加10倍）。4. 在这两个物种中，DA水平在出生前和出生后发育过程中都保持较低。相反，NA的相对浓度下降，而A的相对浓度相应增加。同样，也注意到了物种差异：在大鼠中，NA从妊娠第17天的90%降至出生前的35%，成年时降至20%，而猪肾上腺中的下降更为平缓，即从妊娠第42天的90%降至出生时的70%，成年时降至50%。5. 免疫组织化学和生化数据表明，大鼠肾上腺髓质的发育可分为三个阶段。第一，直到妊娠第18天，髓质细胞仅合成和储存NA。第二，从第18天到出生后2或3天，NA和A在单一细胞类型（“混合细胞类型”）中合成和储存，第三，NA和A定位于不同的细胞类型。（摘要截选至400字）
