Gualano Maria Rosaria, Passi Stefano, Bert Fabrizio, La Torre Giuseppe, Scaioli Giacomo, Siliquini Roberta
Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, Turin 10126, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2015 Sep;37(3):488-97. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdu055. Epub 2014 Aug 9.
To investigate the efficacy and the adverse effects (AEs) of the electronic cigarette, we performed a systematic review of published studies.
We selected experimental and observational studies examining the efficacy (as reduction of desire to smoke and/or number of cigarettes smoked and/or quitting or as reduction of nicotine withdrawal symptoms) and the safety of EC (AEs self-reported or clinical/laboratory). The following search engines were used: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register.
Finally, six experimental studies and six cohort studies were included. In the prospective 12-month, randomized controlled trial, smoking reduction was documented in 22.3 and 10.3% at Weeks 12 and 52, respectively (P < 0.001 versus baseline). Moreover, two cohort studies reported a reduction in the number of cigarette/day (from 50 to 80%) after the introduction of the EC. 'Mouth and throat irritation', 'nausea', 'headache' and 'dry cough' were the most frequently AEs reported.
The use of the EC can reduce the number of cigarettes smoked and withdrawal symptoms, but the AEs reported are mainly related to a short period of use. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the effects of the EC usage after a chronic exposure.
为了研究电子烟的疗效和不良反应（AE），我们对已发表的研究进行了系统评价。
我们选择了检验电子烟疗效（如降低吸烟欲望和/或吸烟数量和/或戒烟情况，或降低尼古丁戒断症状）和安全性（自我报告的AE或临床/实验室检测的AE）的实验性和观察性研究。使用了以下搜索引擎：PubMed、ISI Web of Knowledge和Cochrane对照试验注册库。
最终纳入了6项实验性研究和6项队列研究。在为期12个月的前瞻性随机对照试验中，第12周和第52周吸烟量分别减少了22.3%和10.3%（与基线相比，P<0.001）。此外，两项队列研究报告称，引入电子烟后，每天吸烟数量减少（减少50%至80%）。“口腔和咽喉刺激”“恶心”“头痛”和“干咳”是报告中最常见的AE。
使用电子烟可以减少吸烟量和戒断症状，但报告的AE主要与短期使用有关。需要进行长期研究来评估长期接触电子烟后的效果。
