Cantisani Vito, Grazhdani Hektor, Fioravanti Cristina, Rosignuolo Maria, Calliada Fabrizio, Messineo Daniela, Bernieri Maria Giulia, Redler Adriano, Catalano Carlo, D'Ambrosio Ferdinando
Vito Cantisani, Hektor Grazhdani, Cristina Fioravanti, Maria Rosignuolo, Daniela Messineo, Maria Giulia Bernieri, Adriano Redler, Carlo Catalano, Ferdinando D'Ambrosio, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Aug 7;20(29):9998-10007. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9998.
The development of ultrasound contrast agents with excellent tolerance and safety profiles has notably improved liver evaluation with ultrasound (US) for several applications, especially for the detection of metastases. In particular, contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) allows the display of the parenchymal microvasculature, enabling the study and visualization of the enhancement patterns of liver lesions in real time and in a continuous manner in all vascular phases, which is similar to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical studies have reported that the use of a contrast agent enables the visualization of more metastases with significantly improved sensitivity and specificity compared to baseline-US. Furthermore, studies have shown that CEUS yields sensitivities comparable to CT. In this review, we describe the state of the art of CEUS for detecting colorectal liver metastases, the imaging features, the literature reports of metastases in CEUS as well as its technique, its clinical role and its potential applications. Additionally, the updated international consensus panel guidelines are reported in this review with the inherent limitations of this technique and best practice experiences.
具有出色耐受性和安全性的超声造影剂的开发显著改善了超声（US）在多种应用中对肝脏的评估，尤其是在转移瘤检测方面。特别是，超声造影增强成像（CEUS）能够显示实质微血管，从而可以实时、连续地研究和可视化肝脏病变在所有血管期的增强模式，这与计算机断层扫描（CT）增强成像和磁共振成像增强成像类似。临床研究报告称，与基线超声相比，使用造影剂能够使更多转移瘤可视化，敏感性和特异性显著提高。此外，研究表明CEUS的敏感性与CT相当。在本综述中，我们描述了CEUS检测结直肠癌肝转移的技术现状、成像特征、CEUS中转移瘤的文献报道及其技术、临床作用和潜在应用。此外，本综述还报告了最新的国际共识小组指南以及该技术的固有局限性和最佳实践经验。
