Chouchou F, Lavigne G-J
Facultés de médecine dentaire et de médecine, université de Montréal, pavillon Roger-Gaudry - entrée B-1, 2900, boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche avancée en médecine du sommeil, hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal H4J 1C5, Québec, Canada; Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR 5292, unité NeuroPain, intégration centrale de la douleur chez l'homme, centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon, hôpital neurologique unité hypnologie, RdJ, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron cedex, France.
Facultés de médecine dentaire et de médecine, université de Montréal, pavillon Roger-Gaudry - entrée B-1, 2900, boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche avancée en médecine du sommeil, hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400, boulevard Gouin Ouest, Montréal H4J 1C5, Québec, Canada.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 2014 Oct;62(5):270-5. doi: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.07.001. Epub 2014 Aug 10.
The placebo response is a psychobiological phenomenon for clinical benefits following the administration of an inert substance whatever its form. This phenomenon can be attributed to a wide range of neurobiological processes, such as expectations of relief, the Pavlovian conditioning and learning, emotional regulation, and reward mechanisms, which are themselves under the influence of processes that take place during sleep. The study of placebo analgesia in healthy from a placebo conditioning associated with analgesic suggestions has highlighted a relationship between sleep, expectations of relief and placebo analgesia: when the induction is persuasive before sleep, expectations of relief modulate placebo response the next morning and paradoxical sleep correlates negatively with both expectations and the placebo response. When the analgesic experience before sleep is less persuasive, expectations of relief are still present but no longer interact with placebo analgesia while paradoxical sleep no longer correlates with the analgesic placebo response. Sleep-processes especially during paradoxical sleep seem to influence the relationship between expectations of relief and placebo analgesia. In this review, we describe the relationship between sleep and placebo analgesia, the mechanisms involved in the placebo response (e.g., conditioning, learning, memory, reward) and their potential link with sleep that could make it a special time for the building placebo response.
安慰剂反应是一种心理生物学现象，指给予惰性物质（无论其形式如何）后产生临床益处。这种现象可归因于多种神经生物学过程，如对缓解的期望、巴甫洛夫条件反射和学习、情绪调节以及奖赏机制，而这些过程本身又受到睡眠期间发生的过程的影响。从与镇痛建议相关的安慰剂条件反射对健康人进行安慰剂镇痛研究，凸显了睡眠、对缓解的期望与安慰剂镇痛之间的关系：当在睡眠前诱导具有说服力时，对缓解的期望会调节次日早晨的安慰剂反应，且异相睡眠与期望和安慰剂反应均呈负相关。当睡眠前的镇痛体验说服力较小时，对缓解的期望依然存在，但不再与安慰剂镇痛相互作用，而异相睡眠也不再与镇痛安慰剂反应相关。睡眠过程，尤其是在异相睡眠期间，似乎会影响对缓解的期望与安慰剂镇痛之间的关系。在本综述中，我们描述了睡眠与安慰剂镇痛之间的关系、安慰剂反应所涉及的机制（如条件反射、学习、记忆、奖赏）以及它们与睡眠的潜在联系，这些联系可能使睡眠成为构建安慰剂反应的特殊时期。
