十二指肠腔内营养感知
Duodenal luminal nutrient sensing.
作者信息
Rønnestad Ivar, Akiba Yasutada, Kaji Izumi, Kaunitz Jonathan D
机构信息
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway.
Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2014 Dec;19:67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.010. Epub 2014 Aug 9.
The gastrointestinal mucosa is exposed to numerous chemical substances and microorganisms, including macronutrients, micronutrients, bacteria, endogenous ions, and proteins. The regulation of mucosal protection, digestion, absorption and motility is signaled in part by luminal solutes. Therefore, luminal chemosensing is an important mechanism enabling the mucosa to monitor luminal conditions, such as pH, ion concentrations, nutrient quantity, and microflora. The duodenal mucosa shares luminal nutrient receptors with lingual taste receptors in order to detect the five basic tastes, in addition to essential nutrients, and unwanted chemicals. The recent 'de-orphanization' of nutrient sensing G protein-coupled receptors provides an essential component of the mechanism by which the mucosa senses luminal nutrients. In this review, we will update the mechanisms of and underlying physiological and pathological roles in luminal nutrient sensing, with a main focus on the duodenal mucosa.
胃肠道黏膜会接触到多种化学物质和微生物，包括大量营养素、微量营养素、细菌、内源性离子和蛋白质。管腔溶质在一定程度上参与了黏膜保护、消化、吸收和蠕动的调节信号传递。因此，管腔化学感应是一种重要机制，使黏膜能够监测管腔状况，如pH值、离子浓度、营养物质数量和微生物群落。十二指肠黏膜与舌部味觉感受器共享管腔营养感受器，以检测除必需营养素外的五种基本味觉以及有害化学物质。最近对营养感应G蛋白偶联受体的“去孤儿化”揭示了黏膜感知管腔营养物质机制的一个重要组成部分。在本综述中，我们将更新管腔营养感应的机制及其潜在的生理和病理作用，主要聚焦于十二指肠黏膜。
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