School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Australia.
Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Apr;142(1):41-61. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Nov 23.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of transmembrane receptors and are prime therapeutic targets. The odorant and taste receptors account for over half of the GPCR repertoire, yet they are generally excluded from large-scale, drug candidate analyses. Accumulating molecular evidence indicates that the odorant and taste receptors are widely expressed throughout the body and functional beyond the oronasal cavity - with roles including nutrient sensing, autophagy, muscle regeneration, regulation of gut motility, protective airway reflexes, bronchodilation, and respiratory disease. Given this expanding array of actions, the restricted perception of these GPCRs as mere mediators of smell and taste is outdated. Moreover, delineation of the precise actions of odorant and taste GPCRs continues to be hampered by the relative paucity of selective and specific experimental tools, as well as the lack of defined receptor pharmacology. In this review, we summarize the evidence for expression and function of odorant and taste receptors in tissues beyond the nose and mouth, and we highlight their broad potential in physiology and pathophysiology.
G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCRs) 是最大的跨膜受体家族，也是主要的治疗靶点。气味和味觉受体占 GPCR 组成的一半以上，但它们通常被排除在大规模的候选药物分析之外。越来越多的分子证据表明，气味和味觉受体在全身广泛表达且具有功能——包括感知营养物质、自噬、肌肉再生、调节肠道运动、保护气道反射、支气管扩张和呼吸道疾病。鉴于这些作用的不断扩大，将这些 GPCR 仅仅视为嗅觉和味觉的媒介的观念已经过时了。此外，由于缺乏选择性和特异性的实验工具，以及缺乏明确的受体药理学，气味和味觉 GPCR 的精确作用仍难以确定。在这篇综述中，我们总结了气味和味觉受体在鼻子和嘴以外的组织中的表达和功能的证据，并强调了它们在生理学和病理生理学中的广泛潜力。
