西非的甲型肝炎病毒：是否正在开始一场流行病学转变？
Hepatitis A virus in West Africa: Is an epidemiological transition beginning?
作者信息
Jacobsen Kathryn H
机构信息
Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Virginia, USA.
出版信息
Niger Med J. 2014 Jul;55(4):279-84. doi: 10.4103/0300-1652.137185.
BACKGROUND
Studies of hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence in sub-Saharan Africa have generally found very high anti-HAV IgG seroprevalence rates, but economic development and improved drinking water access may be contributing to decreasing incidence.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This review evaluates all 19 articles that have been published on HAV epidemiology in West Africa.
RESULTS
Nearly all studies conducted before 1990 found that the majority of preschool-aged children had already developed immunity due to prior infection. However, several recent studies have observed that the age at midpoint of population immunity in some urban populations has shifted to school-aged children.
CONCLUSION
There is preliminary evidence that some West-African countries are beginning the transition towards lower hepatitis A endemicity levels. Additional studies of child seroprevalence rates in diverse parts of West Africa are required in order to clarify the extent to which an early transition may be occurring.
背景
撒哈拉以南非洲地区甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）血清流行率的研究普遍发现抗-HAV IgG血清流行率非常高，但经济发展和饮用水供应改善可能导致发病率下降。
材料与方法
本综述评估了已发表的关于西非HAV流行病学的所有19篇文章。
结果
几乎所有在1990年之前进行的研究都发现，大多数学龄前儿童由于先前感染已经产生了免疫力。然而，最近的几项研究观察到，一些城市人口中群体免疫中点年龄已转移到学龄儿童。
结论
有初步证据表明，一些西非国家正开始向甲型肝炎低流行水平过渡。需要对西非不同地区儿童血清流行率进行更多研究，以明确早期过渡可能发生的程度。
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