Makovac Elena, Kwok Sze Chai, Gerbino Walter
Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Psychology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2014 Oct;152:75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.07.008. Epub 2014 Aug 13.
The attentional modulation of performance in a memory task, comparable to the one obtained in a perceptual task, is at the focus of contemporary research. We hypothesized that a biphasic effect (namely, facilitation followed by inhibition) can be obtained in visual working memory when attention is cued towards one item of the memorandum and participants must recognize a delayed probe as being identical to any item of the memorandum. In every trial, a delayed spiky/curvy probe appeared centrally, to be matched with the same-category shape maintained in visual working memory which could be either physically identical (positive trials) or only categorically similar (negative trials). To orient the participant's attention towards a selected portion of a two-item memorandum, a (tzk/wow) sound was played simultaneously with two lateral visual shapes (one spiky and one curved). Our results indicate that an exogenous attentional shift during perception of the memorandum, induced by a congruent audio-visual pairing, first facilitates and then inhibits the recognition of a cued item (but not of a non-cued item) stored in visual working memory. A coherent pattern of individual differences emerged, indicating that the amount of early facilitation in congruent-sound trials was negatively correlated with recognition sensitivity in no-sound trials (suggesting that the inverse effectiveness rule may also apply to memory) and positively correlated with later inhibition, as well as with the self-reported susceptibility to memory failures.
记忆任务中表现的注意力调节与感知任务中获得的调节类似，是当代研究的重点。我们假设，当注意力指向备忘录中的一个项目且参与者必须识别一个延迟呈现的探测刺激与备忘录中的任何项目相同时，在视觉工作记忆中可以获得一种双相效应（即促进随后是抑制）。在每次试验中，一个延迟呈现的尖状/弯曲状探测刺激出现在中央，与视觉工作记忆中保持的同一类形状进行匹配，该形状可以是物理上相同的（肯定试验）或只是类别上相似的（否定试验）。为了将参与者的注意力导向一个两项备忘录的选定部分，一个（tzk/wow）声音与两个侧向视觉形状（一个尖状和一个弯曲状）同时播放。我们的结果表明，在对备忘录的感知过程中，由一致的视听配对引起的外源性注意力转移首先促进然后抑制对存储在视觉工作记忆中的提示项目（而非未提示项目）的识别。出现了一种连贯的个体差异模式，表明在一致声音试验中的早期促进量与无声试验中的识别敏感性呈负相关（表明反向有效性规则也可能适用于记忆），与后期抑制以及自我报告的记忆失败易感性呈正相关。
