Wang Gang, Jiang Qing, Zhang Chuanmao
The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and The State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation and The State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
J Cell Sci. 2014 Oct 1;127(Pt 19):4111-22. doi: 10.1242/jcs.151753. Epub 2014 Aug 15.
The centrosome acts as the major microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) for cytoskeleton maintenance in interphase and mitotic spindle assembly in vertebrate cells. It duplicates only once per cell cycle in a highly spatiotemporally regulated manner. When the cell undergoes mitosis, the duplicated centrosomes separate to define spindle poles and monitor the assembly of the bipolar mitotic spindle for accurate chromosome separation and the maintenance of genomic stability. However, centrosome abnormalities occur frequently and often lead to monopolar or multipolar spindle formation, which results in chromosome instability and possibly tumorigenesis. A number of studies have begun to dissect the role of mitotic kinases, including NIMA-related kinases (Neks), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), Polo-like kinases (Plks) and Aurora kinases, in regulating centrosome duplication, separation and maturation and subsequent mitotic spindle assembly during cell cycle progression. In this Commentary, we review the recent research progress on how these mitotic kinases are coordinated to couple the centrosome cycle with the cell cycle, thus ensuring bipolar mitotic spindle fidelity. Understanding this process will help to delineate the relationship between centrosomal abnormalities and spindle defects.
中心体是脊椎动物细胞间期细胞骨架维持和有丝分裂纺锤体组装的主要微管组织中心（MTOC）。它在每个细胞周期中仅以高度时空调节的方式复制一次。当细胞进行有丝分裂时，复制后的中心体分离以确定纺锤体极，并监测双极有丝分裂纺锤体的组装，以确保准确的染色体分离和基因组稳定性的维持。然而，中心体异常经常发生，并常常导致单极或多极纺锤体形成，从而导致染色体不稳定并可能引发肿瘤发生。许多研究已经开始剖析有丝分裂激酶的作用，包括NIMA相关激酶（Neks）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDKs）、Polo样激酶（Plks）和极光激酶，它们在细胞周期进程中调节中心体复制、分离和成熟以及随后的有丝分裂纺锤体组装。在这篇述评中，我们综述了关于这些有丝分裂激酶如何协同作用，将中心体周期与细胞周期耦合，从而确保双极有丝分裂纺锤体保真度的最新研究进展。了解这一过程将有助于阐明中心体异常与纺锤体缺陷之间的关系。
