Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1910 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA,
Environ Manage. 2014 Oct;54(4):814-27. doi: 10.1007/s00267-014-0353-4. Epub 2014 Aug 17.
Hawaii's game animals are all non-native species, which provokes human-wildlife conflict among stakeholders. The management of human-wildlife conflict in Hawaii is further complicated by the discrete nature of island communities. Our goal was to understand the desires and perceived values or impacts of game held by residents of Hawaii regarding six game species [pigs (Sus scrofa), goats (Capra hircus), mouflon (Ovis musimon), axis deer (Axis axis), turkeys (Melagris gallopavo), and doves (Geopelia striata)]. We measured the desired abundance of game on the six main Hawaiian Islands using the potential for conflict index and identified explanatory variables for those desires via recursive partitioning. In 2011 we surveyed 5,407 residents (2,360 random residents and 3,047 pre-identified stakeholders). Overall 54.5 and 27.6 % of the emailed and mailed surveys were returned (n = 1,510). A non-respondent survey revealed that respondents and non-respondents had similar interest in wildlife, and a similar education level. The desired abundance of game differed significantly among stakeholders, species, and islands. The desired abundance scores were higher for axis deer, mouflon, and turkeys compared to pigs, goats or doves. Enjoyment at seeing game and the cultural value of game were widespread explanatory variables for desired abundance. Models for Lanai emphasized the economic value of game, whereas models for Maui identified the potential for game to contaminate soil and water. Models for Oahu and Kauai revealed concern for human health and safety. Given our findings we recommend managers design separate management plans for each island taking into consideration the values of residents.
夏威夷的猎物动物都是非本地物种，这引发了利益相关者之间的人与野生动物冲突。夏威夷的人与野生动物冲突管理因岛屿社区的离散性质而变得更加复杂。我们的目标是了解夏威夷居民对六种猎物物种（猪、山羊、摩弗伦羊、轴鹿、火鸡和鸽子）的愿望和感知价值或影响。我们使用冲突潜力指数来衡量六个主要夏威夷岛屿上猎物的期望丰度，并通过递归分区来确定这些愿望的解释变量。2011 年，我们调查了 5407 名居民（2360 名随机居民和 3047 名预先确定的利益相关者）。电子邮件和邮寄调查的回复率分别为 54.5%和 27.6%（n=1510）。一项非应答者调查显示，应答者和非应答者对野生动物的兴趣相似，教育水平也相似。猎物的期望丰度在利益相关者、物种和岛屿之间存在显著差异。与猪、山羊或鸽子相比，轴鹿、摩弗伦羊和火鸡的猎物期望丰度得分更高。观赏猎物的乐趣和猎物的文化价值是期望丰度的广泛解释变量。拉奈岛的模型强调了猎物的经济价值，而毛伊岛的模型则确定了猎物可能污染土壤和水的潜力。瓦胡岛和考艾岛的模型则揭示了对人类健康和安全的关注。考虑到我们的发现，我们建议管理者为每个岛屿设计单独的管理计划，同时考虑到居民的价值观。
