细菌-噬菌体在自然环境中的相互作用。

Bacteria-phage interactions in natural environments.

机构信息

Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.

Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Tremough, Cornwall, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Adv Appl Microbiol. 2014;89:135-83. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800259-9.00004-4.

DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-800259-9.00004-4

PMID:25131402

Abstract

Phages are considered the most abundant and diverse biological entities on Earth and are notable not only for their sheer abundance, but also for their influence on bacterial hosts. In nature, bacteria-phage relationships are complex and have far-reaching consequences beyond particular pairwise interactions, influencing everything from bacterial virulence to eukaryotic fitness to the carbon cycle. In this review, we examine bacteria and phage distributions in nature first by highlighting biogeographic patterns and nonhost environmental influences on phage distribution, then by considering the ways in which phages and bacteria interact, emphasizing phage life cycles, bacterial responses to phage infection, and the complex patterns of phage host specificity. Finally, we discuss phage impacts on bacterial abundance, genetics, and physiology, and further aim to clarify distinctions between current theoretical models and point out areas in need of future research.

摘要

噬菌体被认为是地球上数量最多、多样性最大的生物实体，它们不仅数量庞大，而且对细菌宿主有着显著的影响。在自然界中，细菌-噬菌体的关系是复杂的，其影响远远超出了特定的两两相互作用，影响了从细菌毒力到真核生物适应性再到碳循环的各个方面。在这篇综述中，我们首先通过强调噬菌体分布的生物地理模式和非宿主环境影响，来考察自然环境中细菌和噬菌体的分布，然后考虑噬菌体和细菌相互作用的方式，强调噬菌体的生命周期、细菌对噬菌体感染的反应以及噬菌体宿主特异性的复杂模式。最后，我们讨论了噬菌体对细菌丰度、遗传和生理的影响，并进一步旨在阐明当前理论模型之间的区别，并指出需要进一步研究的领域。