Olszak Tomasz, Latka Agnieszka, Roszniowski Bartosz, Valvano Miguel A, Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna
Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
Curr Med Chem. 2017 Nov 24;24(36):3987-4001. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170413100136.
Bacteriophages (phages or bacterial viruses) are the most abundant biological entities in our planet; their influence reaches far beyond the microorganisms they parasitize. Phages are present in every environment and shape up every bacterial population in both active and passive ways. They participate in the circulation of organic matter and drive the evolution of microorganisms by horizontal gene transfer at unprecedented scales. The mass flow of genetic information in the microbial world influences the biosphere and poses challenges for science and medicine. The genetic flow, however, depends on the fate of the viral DNA injected into the bacterial cell. The archetypal notion of phages only engaging in predatorprey relationships is slowly fading. Because of their varied development cycles, environmental conditions, and the diversity of microorganisms they parasitize, phages form a dense and highly complex web of dependencies, which has important consequences for life on Earth. The sophisticated phage-bacteria interplay includes both aggressive action (bacterial lysis) and "diplomatic negotiations" (prophage domestication). Here, we review the most important mechanisms of interactions between phages and bacteria and their evolutionary consequences influencing their biodiversity.
噬菌体（或细菌病毒）是地球上数量最为丰富的生物实体；它们的影响远远超出了它们所寄生的微生物。噬菌体存在于各种环境中，以主动和被动的方式塑造着每一个细菌群体。它们参与有机物的循环，并以前所未有的规模通过水平基因转移推动微生物的进化。微生物世界中遗传信息的大规模流动影响着生物圈，并给科学和医学带来挑战。然而，基因流动取决于注入细菌细胞的病毒DNA的命运。噬菌体只参与捕食者与猎物关系的传统观念正在逐渐淡化。由于其多样的发育周期、环境条件以及它们所寄生的微生物的多样性，噬菌体形成了一个密集且高度复杂的依赖网络，这对地球上的生命有着重要影响。复杂的噬菌体 - 细菌相互作用既包括攻击性行动（细菌裂解），也包括“外交谈判”（原噬菌体驯化）。在这里，我们综述了噬菌体与细菌之间相互作用的最重要机制及其影响生物多样性的进化后果。
