Poonia Shubra, Singh T Shantikumar, Tsering Dechen C
Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India.
Indian J Community Med. 2014 Jul;39(3):156-60. doi: 10.4103/0970-0218.137152.
Contamination of water, food, and environment with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a serious public health issue.
The objective was to study the bacterial pollution of the natural sources of water in east Sikkim and to determine the antimicrobial profile of the bacterial isolates.
A total of 225 samples, 75 each during winter, summer, and monsoon season were collected from the same source in every season for bacteriological analysis by membrane filtration method. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using standard disc diffusion method.
A total of 19 bacterial species of the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Morganella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, and Serratia were isolated and their antimicrobial sensitivity tested. Generally, most bacterial isolates except Salmonella and Shigella species were found resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (57.5%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxaole (39.1%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (37.4%), cefixime (34.5%), tetracycline (29.1%), ceftazidime (26.3%), ofloxacin (25.9%), amikacin (8.7%), and gentamicin (2.7%) but sensitive to imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam.
Natural sources of water in east Sikkim are grossly contaminated with bacteria including enteropathogens. The consumption of untreated water from these sources might pose health risk to consumers.
抗生素耐药菌对水、食物和环境的污染构成了严重的公共卫生问题。
研究锡金东部天然水源的细菌污染情况，并确定分离出的细菌的抗菌谱。
总共采集了225份样本，冬季、夏季和季风季节各75份，每个季节均从同一水源采集样本，采用膜过滤法进行细菌学分析。使用标准纸片扩散法进行抗生素敏感性试验。
共分离出大肠埃希菌属、克雷伯菌属、变形杆菌属、沙门菌属、志贺菌属、肠杆菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、摩根菌属、假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、黄杆菌属和沙雷菌属的19种细菌，并对其进行了抗菌敏感性测试。一般来说，除沙门菌属和志贺菌属外，大多数分离出的细菌对常用抗生素如氨苄西林（57.5%）、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑（39.1%）、阿莫西林/克拉维酸（37.4%）、头孢克肟（34.5%）、四环素（29.1%）、头孢他啶（26.3%）、氧氟沙星（25.9%）、阿米卡星（8.7%）和庆大霉素（2.7%）耐药，但对亚胺培南和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦敏感。
锡金东部的天然水源被包括肠道病原体在内的细菌严重污染。饮用这些水源未经处理的水可能会给消费者带来健康风险。
