Pizzo P A
Pediatric Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Rev Infect Dis. 1989 Nov-Dec;11 Suppl 7:S1551-63. doi: 10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_7.s1551.
Methods of preventing the infectious complications that occur in patients undergoing therapy for cancer have been the focus of considerable research. Because infections arise from both the endogenous microbial flora and newly acquired organisms and because the pathogens include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and/or parasites and affect a number of different body sites, it has been difficult to conceive of a single or simple method of controlling these multiple infectious etiologies. The suppression or elimination of the host's own microbial flora by the use of various prophylactic antibiotics and the reduction in the patient's acquisition of new organisms by the use of isolation techniques have received the greatest attention. While a number of these approaches (including total protected isolation, nonabsorbable antibiotics, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, selective decontamination, and most recently the quinolones) have appeared to reduce the incidence of infections, few have stood the test of time. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are reviewed, and newer promising areas for current and future investigation are considered.
预防癌症治疗患者发生感染性并发症的方法一直是大量研究的重点。由于感染既源于内源性微生物菌群，也源于新获得的生物体，且病原体包括细菌、真菌、病毒和/或寄生虫，并影响多个不同身体部位，因此很难设想出一种单一或简单的方法来控制这些多种感染病因。使用各种预防性抗生素抑制或消除宿主自身的微生物菌群，以及通过隔离技术减少患者新生物体的获得，受到了最大关注。虽然这些方法中的一些（包括全保护隔离、不可吸收抗生素、甲氧苄啶 - 磺胺甲恶唑、选择性去污，以及最近的喹诺酮类药物）似乎降低了感染发生率，但很少有方法经得起时间的考验。本文回顾了这些方法各自的优缺点，并考虑了当前和未来研究中更新的有前景的领域。
