Northoff Georg
Royal Ottawa Healthcare Group, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, CA; Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Brain and Consciousness Research Center, New Taipei City, Taiwan; National Chengchi University, Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, Taipei, Taiwan; Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders (CCBD), Normal University Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
Schizophr Bull. 2015 Jan;41(1):280-90. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu116. Epub 2014 Aug 23.
Schizophrenia is a multifaceted disorder with various symptoms including auditory hallucinations, egodisturbances, passivity phenomena, and delusions. Recent neurobiological approaches have focused on, especially, the abnormal contents of consciousness, the "substantive parts" as James said, to associate them with the neural mechanisms related to sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, and the brain's underlying stimulus-induced or task-evoked activity. This leaves open, however, the neural mechanisms that provide the temporal linkage or glue between the various contents, the transitive parts that makes possible the "stream of consciousness." Interestingly, schizophrenic patients seem to suffer from abnormalities specifically in the "transitive parts" when they experience contents as temporally disconnected or fragmented which in phenomenological psychiatry has been described as "temporal fragmentation." The aim of this article is to develop so-called neurophenomenal hypothesis about the direct relationship between phenomenal features of the "stream of consciousness," the "transitive parts," and the specific neuronal mechanisms in schizophrenia as based on healthy subjects. Rather than emphasizing stimulus-induced and task-evoked activity and sensory and lateral prefrontal cortical regions as in neurocognitive approaches with their focus on the "substantive parts," the focus shifts here to the brain's intrinsic activity, its resting state activity, which may account for the temporal linkage or glue between the contents of consciousness, the transitive parts.
精神分裂症是一种具有多种症状的复杂疾病，这些症状包括幻听、自我障碍、被动现象和妄想。最近的神经生物学研究方法尤其关注意识的异常内容，即詹姆斯所说的“实质部分”，将它们与感觉、运动和认知功能相关的神经机制以及大脑潜在的刺激诱发或任务诱发活动联系起来。然而，这就留下了一个问题，即提供各种内容之间的时间联系或关联的神经机制是什么，也就是使“意识流”成为可能的过渡部分。有趣的是，当精神分裂症患者体验到内容在时间上脱节或碎片化时，他们似乎特别在“过渡部分”存在异常，在现象学精神病学中，这被描述为“时间碎片化”。本文的目的是基于健康受试者，提出一种所谓的神经现象学假设，探讨“意识流”的现象学特征、“过渡部分”与精神分裂症中特定神经元机制之间的直接关系。与神经认知研究方法不同，神经认知研究方法侧重于“实质部分”，强调刺激诱发和任务诱发活动以及感觉和外侧前额叶皮质区域，而这里的重点转移到大脑的内在活动，即其静息状态活动，它可能解释意识内容之间的时间联系或关联，即过渡部分。
