National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersoe Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014 Nov;40(6):639-48. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3452. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
Few epidemiological studies have studied maternal stress exposure during pregnancy and odds of asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) among offspring, and none have extended the focus to psychosocial job strain. The aim of this study was to assess the association between maternal job strain during pregnancy and asthma as well as AD among 7-year-old children.
The study is based on the Danish National Birth Cohort and includes prospective data from 32 104 pregnancies. Job strain was assessed early in pregnancy by use of two questions on demands and control. We categorized participants into four job strain categories: low strain (low demands, high control), active (high demands, high control), passive (low demands, low control), and high strain (high demands, low control). Information on asthma and AD until age seven was collected using maternal self-report. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for several covariates.
Maternal exposure to self-reported high strain during pregnancy was associated with 15% higher odds of atopic dermatitis among 7-year-old children (OR adj1.15, 95% CI 1.02-1.31). Furthermore, an association between the active jobs and asthma among 7-year-old children was found (OR adj1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24).
Maternal exposure to high strain and active jobs during pregnancy was associated with asthma and atopic dermatitis among 7-year-old children.
很少有流行病学研究探讨过孕妇怀孕期间的母体压力暴露与后代哮喘和特应性皮炎（AD）的几率之间的关系，也没有研究将重点扩展到心理社会工作压力。本研究旨在评估孕妇怀孕期间的职业压力与 7 岁儿童哮喘和 AD 之间的关联。
该研究基于丹麦全国出生队列，包括 32104 例妊娠的前瞻性数据。职业压力在妊娠早期通过使用两个关于需求和控制的问题进行评估。我们将参与者分为四个职业压力类别：低压力（低需求、高控制）、积极（高需求、高控制）、消极（低需求、低控制）和高压力（高需求、低控制）。使用母亲自我报告收集 7 岁前哮喘和 AD 的信息。使用多项逻辑回归模型调整了几个协变量后，估计了比值比（OR）及其 95%置信区间（95%CI）。
孕妇在怀孕期间自我报告的高压力暴露与 7 岁儿童患特应性皮炎的几率增加 15%相关（OR adj1.15，95%CI 1.02-1.31）。此外，还发现积极工作与 7 岁儿童哮喘之间存在关联（OR adj1.13，95%CI 1.03-1.24）。
孕妇在怀孕期间暴露于高压力和积极工作与 7 岁儿童哮喘和特应性皮炎有关。
