Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Int J Oncol. 2014 Nov;45(5):1813-9. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2614. Epub 2014 Aug 20.
Radiation therapy is a staple cancer treatment approach that has significantly improved local disease control and the overall survival of cancer patients. However, its efficacy is still limited by the development of radiation resistance and the presence of residual disease after therapy that leads to cancer recurrence. Radiation impedes cancer cell growth by inducing cytotoxicity, mainly caused by DNA damage. However, radiation can also simultaneously induce multiple pro-survival signaling pathways, such as those mediated by AKT, ERK and ATM/ATR, which can lead to suppression of apoptosis, induction of cell cycle arrest and/or initiation of DNA repair. These signaling pathways act conjointly to reduce the magnitude of radiation-induced cytotoxicity and promote the development of radioresistance in cancer cells. Thus, targeting these pro-survival pathways has great potential for the radiosensitization of cancer cells. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on how these radiation‑activated signaling pathways promote cancer cell survival.
放射治疗是一种主要的癌症治疗方法，它显著提高了局部疾病控制和癌症患者的总体生存率。然而，其疗效仍然受到放射抵抗的发展和治疗后残留疾病的限制，这导致癌症复发。放射通过诱导细胞毒性来阻碍癌细胞生长，主要由 DNA 损伤引起。然而，放射也可以同时诱导多种存活信号通路，如 AKT、ERK 和 ATM/ATR 介导的信号通路，这可能导致细胞凋亡抑制、细胞周期阻滞诱导和/或 DNA 修复启动。这些信号通路共同作用，降低了放射诱导的细胞毒性的程度，并促进了癌细胞的放射抗性发展。因此，靶向这些存活信号通路对于癌症细胞的放射增敏具有巨大的潜力。在本综述中，我们总结了目前关于这些放射激活的信号通路如何促进癌细胞存活的文献。
