Grimes Catharine, Wanless Richard Sebastian, Damonti John
Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation, 345 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10154, USA.
Creative Monitoring, 1/5 Vienna Apartments, 55 Mitchell Street, Glasgow G77 5TN, United Kingdom.
Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2014 Sep;18 Suppl 2:S97-122. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2014.07.008. Epub 2014 Aug 27.
This supplement comprises an evaluation of Bridging Cancer Care, an initiative of the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation first conceived in 2007, addressing disparities in cancer care between Central and Eastern Europe and Western Europe. The strategic focus was refined in 2010 to put particular emphasis on capacity building of nurses in terms of education, training and empowerment.
The evaluation was based on review of data and information from the program's monitoring and evaluation framework and from biannual reports submitted by grantees to the Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation. Eleven of the grantees were selected to develop case studies, which illustrate a) the role of nurses in tobacco cessation, b) expansion of the scope of practice for general practice nurses in health promotion, prevention and early detection of cancer, c) capacity building for nurses in contemporary models of cancer care, care navigation and psychosocial support and d) establishment of nurse training programs in palliative care in Central and Eastern Europe.
Between 2010 and 2013, 22 grants were awarded in Russia, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania. The evaluation characterized the program's impact in terms of improved health equity, health outcomes, capacity building of nurses and public awareness about cancer. With regard to health equity, all projects targeted disproportionately affected populations (children, poor, rural, ethnic) among whom 35,493 individuals were reached either through cancer screening or community and clinical care. In relation to capacity building, overall 5724 healthcare workers, primarily nurses, received training in various aspects of cancer care, while more than 50,000 patients and more than 470,000 members of the general public were reached through educational initiatives. Most of the programs have been sustained beyond Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation funding.
The positive results were achieved predominantly through greater nurse empowerment, supported by the development of 17 different, customized and nurse-focused curricula. Such training can increase nurses' knowledge and skills as demonstrated by examination testing and evaluation of nurses in the workplace. Several projects also resulted in enhanced nurse leadership attributes and eleven lead to positive changes in models of clinical or community care involving nurses. In eight cases, these changes were subsequently embodied in new health policies.
本增刊包含对“衔接癌症护理”项目的评估，该项目由百时美施贵宝基金会于2007年首次发起，旨在解决中欧和东欧与西欧之间癌症护理的差异问题。2010年，战略重点得到细化，特别强调在教育、培训和赋权方面加强护士的能力建设。
该评估基于对项目监测和评估框架中的数据与信息，以及受资助方提交给百时美施贵宝基金会的年度报告的审查。挑选了11个受资助方来开展案例研究，这些案例研究说明了：a）护士在戒烟中的作用；b）扩大全科护士在癌症健康促进、预防和早期检测方面的执业范围；c）护士在当代癌症护理、护理导航和心理社会支持模式方面的能力建设；d）在中欧和东欧建立姑息治疗护士培训项目。
2010年至2013年期间，在俄罗斯、波兰、捷克共和国、匈牙利和罗马尼亚共授予了22项资助。该评估从改善健康公平性、健康结果、护士能力建设以及公众对癌症的认识等方面描述了该项目的影响。在健康公平方面，所有项目都针对受影响比例过高的人群（儿童、贫困人口、农村人口、少数民族），通过癌症筛查或社区及临床护理覆盖了35493人。在能力建设方面，总体上有5724名医护人员（主要是护士）接受了癌症护理各方面的培训，同时通过教育活动惠及了5万多名患者和47万多名普通公众。大多数项目在百时美施贵宝基金会的资助结束后仍在持续开展。
积极成果主要通过增强护士的权能实现，这得到了17种不同的、定制的且以护士为重点的课程开发的支持。如通过考试测试和对工作场所护士的评估所示，此类培训可提高护士的知识和技能。几个项目还增强了护士的领导特质，11个项目使涉及护士的临床或社区护理模式产生了积极变化。在8个案例中，这些变化随后体现在了新的卫生政策中。
