Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-0201, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2010 Sep;88(9):3154-62. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2134. Epub 2010 May 21.
In Exp. 1, 54 sows (PIC Line 1050) and their litters were used to determine the effects of creep feeding duration on the proportion of pigs consuming creep feed and preweaning performance. Two groups of sows were blocked according to parity and date of farrowing and allotted to 3 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design. Creep feeding was initiated at d 7, 14, and 18 from birth for durations of 13, 6, and 2 d of creep feeding. A creep diet (3,495 kcal of ME/kg, 1.56% standardized ileal digestible Lys) with 1.0% chromium oxide was offered for ad libitum intake until weaning (d 20) in a rotary creep feeder with hopper. Fecal samples from all piglets were taken with sterile swabs on d 14, 18, and 20 for treatment 1, d 18 and 20 for treatment 2, and d 20 for treatment 3. Piglets were categorized as eaters when the fecal sample was colored green at least once on any of the sampling days. In Exp. 1, there were no differences in weaning weights (P > 0.61), total BW gain (P > 0.38), and daily BW gain (P > 0.38) among pigs fed creep for 13, 6, or 2 d. Total creep feed intake of litters fed creep for 13 and 6 d was greater (P < 0.01) than that for litters fed creep feed for 2 d. Litters provided with creep feed for 13 d produced 10% more (80 vs. 70%; P < 0.03) eaters than litters fed creep for 6 or 2 d. In Exp. 2, all 273 pigs weaned from 1 of the 2 groups used in Exp. 1 (averaging 5.67 kg of BW and 20 +/- 2 d) were randomly allotted to 2 treatment categories (non-eater or eater of creep feed) in a completely randomized design to determine whether there were any differences in nursery growth performance between creep feed consumption categories. There were 10 and 33 replications (pens) with 5 to 7 pigs per pen for the non-eater and eater treatment categories, respectively. Non-eaters were heavier (P < 0.004) than eaters at d 0, but eaters had greater ADG (P < 0.01) and ADFI (P < 0.05) than non-eaters from d 0 to 3 postweaning. Overall (d 0 to 28), there were no (P > 0.69) differences in ADG, ADFI, and G:F of eaters and non-eaters. In conclusion, longer durations of creep feeding increased the proportion of eaters in whole litters, but did not affect preweaning performance. Eaters had greater postweaning feed intake than non-eaters, which resulted in greater initial daily BW gains.
在实验 1 中，我们使用了 54 头母猪（PIC Line 1050）及其仔猪，以确定开食料饲喂持续时间对仔猪采食开食料的比例和断奶前性能的影响。根据胎次和产仔日期将两组母猪分组，并按照完全随机区组设计将其分配到 3 个实验组中。从出生后第 7、14 和 18 天开始，分别进行 13、6 和 2 天的开食料饲喂。在带有料斗的旋转式开食料饲喂器中，提供开食料（ME 为 3495 千卡/千克，可消化色氨酸为 1.56%），让仔猪自由采食，直到断奶（第 20 天）。在处理 1 中，在第 14、18 和 20 天，使用无菌拭子从所有仔猪的粪便中取样；在处理 2 中，在第 18 和 20 天取样；在处理 3 中，在第 20 天取样。如果粪便样本在任何一天至少有一次呈绿色，则将仔猪归类为采食者。在实验 1 中，采食开食料 13、6 或 2 天的仔猪的断奶体重（P > 0.61）、总 BW 增重（P > 0.38）和日 BW 增重（P > 0.38）均无差异。采食开食料 13 天和 6 天的仔猪的总开食料采食量显著高于采食开食料 2 天的仔猪（P < 0.01）。采食开食料 13 天的仔猪比采食开食料 6 天或 2 天的仔猪产生的采食者多 10%（80%对 70%；P < 0.03）。在实验 2 中，我们从实验 1 中使用的 2 组母猪中随机选择了 273 头断奶仔猪（平均体重为 5.67 千克，断奶日龄为 20 ± 2 天），按照完全随机设计将其分配到 2 个处理类别（非采食者或采食者），以确定采食者和非采食者在保育期的生长性能是否存在差异。非采食者和采食者的每个处理类别分别有 10 个和 33 个重复（个猪栏），每个猪栏有 5 到 7 头仔猪。非采食者在 0 日龄时比采食者重（P < 0.004），但采食者从 0 日龄到断奶后 3 天的 ADG（P < 0.01）和 ADFI（P < 0.05）均高于非采食者。总体（0 日龄到 28 日龄），采食者和非采食者的 ADG、ADFI 和 G:F 均无差异（P > 0.69）。综上所述，延长开食料饲喂时间可以增加整个仔猪群中采食者的比例，但不会影响断奶前的性能。采食者的采食量大于非采食者，这导致了初始日 BW 增重更大。
