Kulkarni Madhuri
Department of Pediatrics, Mumbai Port Trust Hospital, Mumbai, India,
Indian J Pediatr. 2015 Mar;82(3):267-71. doi: 10.1007/s12098-014-1556-7. Epub 2014 Sep 4.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder in children. It is characterized by motor hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention inappropriate for the age. Approximately 5-10 % of school age children are diagnosed to have ADHD. The affected children show significant impairment in social behavior and academic performance. The DSM-5 criteria are useful in diagnosing three subtypes of ADHD based on presence of symptoms described in 3 domains viz ., inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Co-morbidities like specific learning disability, anxiety disorder, oppositional defiant disorder are commonly associated with ADHD.Education of parents and teachers, behavioral therapy and medication are main components of management. Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine are effective in controlling symptoms of ADHD in most children. Research studies estimated that 30-60 % of children continue to show symptoms of ADHD in adulthood. The general practitioner can play an important role in early diagnosis, appropriate assessment and guiding parents for management of children with ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童常见的行为障碍。其特征为运动多动、冲动和与年龄不符的注意力不集中。大约5%-10%的学龄儿童被诊断患有ADHD。受影响的儿童在社交行为和学业成绩方面表现出明显损害。《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版标准有助于根据注意力不集中、多动和冲动这三个领域所描述症状的存在情况来诊断ADHD的三种亚型。特定学习障碍、焦虑症、对立违抗障碍等共病通常与ADHD相关。对家长和教师的教育、行为疗法和药物治疗是管理的主要组成部分。哌甲酯和托莫西汀对大多数儿童控制ADHD症状有效。研究估计，30%-60%的儿童在成年后仍表现出ADHD症状。全科医生在ADHD儿童的早期诊断、适当评估以及指导家长进行管理方面可发挥重要作用。
