Karande Sunil, Satam Nitin, Kulkarni Madhuri, Sholapurwala Rukhshana, Chitre Anita, Shah Nilesh
Learning Disability Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India.
Indian J Med Sci. 2007 Dec;61(12):639-47.
Almost 10% of school-going children have specific learning disability (SpLD) in the form of dyslexia, dysgraphia and/or dyscalculia. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs as a comorbidity in about 20% of these children.
To document the clinical profile and academic history of children with SpLD and co-occurring ADHD.
Prospective observational study conducted in our clinic.
From August to November 2004, 50 consecutively diagnosed children (34 boys, 16 girls) were included in the study. SpLD was diagnosed on the basis of psychoeducational testing. Diagnosis of ADHD was made by DSM-IV-revised criteria. Detailed clinical and academic history and physical and neurological examination findings were noted.
Chi-square test or unpaired student's t-test was applied wherever applicable.
The mean age of children was 11.4 years (+/-SD 2.5, range 7-17.1). Fifteen (30%) children had a significant perinatal history, 12 (24%) had delayed walking, 11 (22%) had delayed talking, 5 (10%) had microcephaly, 27 (54%) displayed soft neurological signs and 10 (20%) had primary nocturnal enuresis. There were no differentiating features between the two gender groups. Their academic problems were difficulties in writing (96%), inattentiveness (96%), difficulties in mathematics (74%), hyperactivity (68%) and difficulties in reading (60%). All children had poor school performance, 15 (30%) had already experienced class retention and 20 (40%) had developed aggressive or withdrawn behavior.
Children with SpLD and co-occurring ADHD need to be identified at an early age to prevent poor school performance and behavioral problems.
近10%的学龄儿童患有特定学习障碍（SpLD），表现为阅读障碍、书写障碍和/或计算障碍。注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在这些儿童中约20%作为共病出现。
记录患有SpLD及并发ADHD儿童的临床特征和学业史。
在我们诊所进行的前瞻性观察研究。
2004年8月至11月，50名连续诊断的儿童（34名男孩，16名女孩）纳入研究。SpLD根据心理教育测试进行诊断。ADHD根据DSM-IV修订标准进行诊断。记录详细的临床和学业史以及体格和神经学检查结果。
在适用的情况下应用卡方检验或非配对学生t检验。
儿童的平均年龄为11.4岁（±标准差2.5，范围7 - 17.1岁）。15名（30%）儿童有显著的围产期病史，12名（24%）儿童走路延迟，11名（22%）儿童说话延迟，5名（10%）儿童小头畸形，27名（54%）表现出软性神经体征，10名（20%）儿童有原发性夜间遗尿症。两个性别组之间没有差异特征。他们的学业问题包括书写困难（96%）、注意力不集中（96%）、数学困难（74%）、多动（68%）和阅读困难（60%）。所有儿童学业成绩都很差，15名（30%）儿童已经留级，20名（40%）儿童出现攻击或退缩行为。
患有SpLD及并发ADHD的儿童需要在早期被识别，以防止学业成绩差和行为问题。
