Wallis Belinda A, Watt Kerrianne, Franklin Richard C, Taylor Monica, Nixon James W, Kimble Roy M
Centre for Children's Burns & Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Paediatric Burns and Trauma Network, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Centre for Children's Burns & Trauma Research, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
Inj Prev. 2015 Jun;21(3):195-204. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2014-041216. Epub 2014 Sep 4.
Drowning remains a leading cause of preventable death in children across the world. This systematic review identifies and critically analyses studies of interventions designed to reduce fatal and non-fatal drowning events among children and adolescents or reduce the injury severity incurred by such incidents.
A systematic search was undertaken on literature published between 1980 and 2010 relating to interventions around fatal and non-fatal drowning prevention in children and adolescents 0-19 years of age. Search methods and protocols developed and used by the WHO Global Burden of Disease Injury Expert Group were applied.
Seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Interventions were categorised into three themes of Education, Swimming Lessons and Water Safety, and Pool Fencing. All are possible effective strategies to prevent children from drowning, particularly young children aged 2-4 years, but very little evidence exists for interventions to reduce drowning in older children and adolescents. There were methodological limitations associated with all studies, so results need to be interpreted in the context of these.
Relatively few studies employ rigorous methods and high levels of evidence to assess the impact of interventions designed to reduce drowning. Studies are also limited by lack of consistency in measured outcomes and drowning terminology. Further work is required to establish efficacy of interventions for older children and adolescents. There is a need for rigorous, well-designed studies that use consistent terminology to demonstrate effective prevention solutions.
溺水仍然是全球儿童可预防死亡的主要原因。本系统综述旨在识别并批判性地分析旨在减少儿童和青少年致命及非致命溺水事件，或降低此类事件所导致伤害严重程度的干预措施研究。
对1980年至2010年间发表的有关0至19岁儿童和青少年致命及非致命溺水预防干预措施的文献进行了系统检索。应用了世界卫生组织全球疾病负担伤害专家组制定和使用的检索方法及方案。
七项研究符合纳入标准。干预措施分为教育、游泳课程与水上安全以及泳池围栏三个主题。所有这些都是预防儿童溺水，尤其是2至4岁幼儿溺水的可能有效策略，但几乎没有证据表明这些干预措施能减少大龄儿童和青少年溺水。所有研究均存在方法学局限性，因此需要结合这些局限性来解读研究结果。
相对较少的研究采用严谨方法和高水平证据来评估旨在减少溺水的干预措施的影响。研究还受到测量结果和溺水术语缺乏一致性的限制。需要进一步开展工作以确定针对大龄儿童和青少年的干预措施的有效性。有必要开展严谨、精心设计的研究，使用一致的术语来证明有效的预防方案。
