Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases. University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(42):6702-13. doi: 10.2174/1381612820666140905150730.
The regulation of neurohypophyseal peptides secretion reflects the convergence of a large number of afferent neural pathways on vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons of supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN). In addition to afferent input, vasopressin and oxytocin can also exert an autocrine regulation of neuronal activity. In fact, magnocellular neurons (MCNs) of SON and PVN are able to secrete these hormones not only at the endings of their terminal axons, but also from their dendrites and this local release, by activating a range of ion gated, ion channel and G protein coupled receptors, participate in pre- and post-synaptic modulation of neural activity of MCNs. In this review we analyzed the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of neurohypophyseal hormones secretion and related possible pharmacological targets.
神经垂体肽分泌的调节反映了大量传入神经通路在视上核 (SON) 和室旁核 (PVN) 的血管加压素能和催产素能神经元上的汇聚。除了传入输入外，血管加压素和催产素还可以对神经元活动进行自身分泌调节。事实上，SON 和 PVN 的大细胞神经元 (MCN) 不仅可以在其终末轴突的末端分泌这些激素，还可以从其树突分泌这些激素，这种局部释放通过激活一系列离子门控、离子通道和 G 蛋白偶联受体，参与 MCNs 的神经活动的突触前和突触后调节。在这篇综述中，我们分析了控制神经垂体激素分泌的分子机制及其相关的可能药理学靶点。
