Tsiklakis K, Patsakas A
Hell Stomatol Chron. 1989 Apr-Jun;33(2):113-20.
The clinical features of the most common bluish and pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa are discussed in this paper. Considerable attention is given to the findings from the medical and dental history of the patient, in the methodology of the clinical examination (inspection, palpation, digital pressure, aspiration) in the clinical characteristics of the lesions (location, size duration, consistency, prognosis) in the laboratory findings (radiographs and other supplementary examinations) and in the differential diagnosis. The bluish and pigmented lesions which are discussed include: melanoma, Albright's syndrome, Addison's diseases, Peutz-Jeghers's syndrome, arsening poisoning, hemangioma, hematoma, petechia and ecchymosis, Sturge-Weber syndrome, amalgam tatoo, heavy metal lines, mucocele and eruption cyst.
本文讨论口腔黏膜最常见的蓝色和色素沉着病变的临床特征。本文相当关注患者的医学和牙科病史、临床检查方法（视诊、触诊、指压、抽吸）、病变的临床特征（部位、大小、持续时间、质地、预后）、实验室检查结果（X光片及其他辅助检查）以及鉴别诊断。所讨论的蓝色和色素沉着病变包括：黑色素瘤、奥尔布赖特综合征、艾迪生病、黑斑息肉综合征、砷中毒、血管瘤、血肿、瘀点和瘀斑、斯特奇-韦伯综合征、汞合金纹身、重金属线、黏液囊肿和萌出囊肿。
