Meleti Marco, Vescovi Paolo, Mooi Wolter J, van der Waal Isaäc
Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Section of Odontostomatology, Department of ENT, Dental, Ophthalmological, and Cervicofacial Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 May;105(5):606-16. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.07.047. Epub 2008 Feb 21.
The term "pigmentation of the oral mucosa" is applied to a wide range of lesions or conditions featuring a change of color of oral tissues. Lesions not associated with an accumulation of pigment (e.g., Fordyce spots) are usually not classified as pigmented lesions. Two groups of pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa are recognized: 1) melanin-associated lesions, including racial pigmentations, melanotic macules, melanocytic nevi, and malignant melanoma; and 2) nonmelanin-associated lesions (e.g., blood-related pigmentations, metallic pigmentations). This paper presents a clinicopathologic review of the recent literature with emphasis on the main diagnostic features, including the use of immunohistochemical markers. A flow-chart is added that may help the clinician in the diagnosis and management of these lesions.
“口腔黏膜色素沉着”这一术语适用于多种具有口腔组织颜色变化特征的病变或状况。与色素沉着无关的病变（如福代斯斑）通常不被归类为色素沉着性病变。口腔黏膜色素沉着性病变可分为两组：1）与黑色素相关的病变，包括种族性色素沉着、黑色素斑、黑素细胞痣和恶性黑色素瘤；2）与非黑色素相关的病变（如血液相关色素沉着、金属色素沉着）。本文对近期文献进行了临床病理综述，重点关注主要诊断特征，包括免疫组化标志物的应用。还添加了一个流程图，可能有助于临床医生对这些病变进行诊断和管理。
