Calvente Irene, Dávila-Arias Cristina, Ocón-Hernández Olga, Pérez-Lobato Rocío, Ramos Rosa, Artacho-Cordón Francisco, Olea Nicolás, Núñez María Isabel, Fernández Mariana F
University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; Unit Research Support of the San Cecilio University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
Unit Research Support of the San Cecilio University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 5;9(9):e106666. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106666. eCollection 2014.
To characterize the exposure to electric fields and magnetic fields of non-ionizing radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum (15 Hz to 100 kHz) in the dwellings of children from the Spanish Environment and Childhood-"INMA" population-based birth cohort.
The study sample was drawn from the INMA-Granada cohort. Out of 300 boys participating in the 9-10 year follow-up, 123 families agreed to the exposure assessment at home and completed a specific ad hoc questionnaire gathering information on sources of non-ionizing radiation electric and magnetic fields inside the homes and on patterns of use. Long-term indoor measurements were carried out in the living room and bedroom.
Survey data showed a low exposure in the children's homes according to reference levels of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection but with large differences among homes in mean and maximum values. Daytime electrostatic and magnetic fields were below the quantification limit in 78.6% (92 dwellings) and 92.3% (108 dwellings) of houses, with an arithmetic mean value (± standard deviation) of 7.31±9.32 V/m and 162.30±91.16 nT, respectively. Mean magnetic field values were 1.6 lower during the night than the day. Nocturnal electrostatic values were not measured. Exposure levels were influenced by the area of residence (higher values in urban/semi-urban versus rural areas), type of dwelling, age of dwelling, floor of the dwelling, and season.
Given the greater sensitivity to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields of children and following the precautionary principle, preventive measures are warranted to reduce their exposure.
对西班牙环境与儿童——“INMA”基于人群的出生队列中儿童住所内电磁频谱（15赫兹至100千赫）的非电离辐射电场和磁场暴露情况进行特征描述。
研究样本取自INMA-格拉纳达队列。在参与9至10年随访的300名男孩中，123个家庭同意进行家庭暴露评估，并完成了一份特定的临时问卷，收集有关家庭内非电离辐射电场和磁场源以及使用模式的信息。在客厅和卧室进行了长期室内测量。
根据国际非电离辐射防护委员会的参考水平，调查数据显示儿童家庭中的暴露水平较低，但家庭之间的平均值和最大值存在很大差异。白天，78.6%（92处住所）的房屋静电场和92.3%（108处住所）的房屋磁场低于定量限值，算术平均值（±标准差）分别为7.31±9.32伏/米和162.30±91.16纳特。夜间平均磁场值比白天低1.6倍。未测量夜间静电值。暴露水平受居住地区（城市/半城市地区高于农村地区）、住宅类型、住宅年龄、住宅楼层和季节的影响。
鉴于儿童对极低频电磁场更为敏感，并遵循预防原则，有必要采取预防措施以减少他们的暴露。
