The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2015 Jan;57(1):23-30. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12282. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
Plant organelles are highly motile, with speed values of 3-7 µm/s in cells of land plants and about 20-60 µm/s in characean algal cells. This movement is believed to be important for rapid distribution of materials around the cell, for the plant's ability to respond to environmental biotic and abiotic signals and for proper growth. The main machinery that propels motility of organelles within plant cells is based on the actin cytoskeleton and its motor proteins the myosins. Most plants express multiple members of two main classes: myosin VIII and myosin XI. While myosin VIII has been characterized as a slow motor protein, myosins from class XI were found to be the fastest motor proteins known in all kingdoms. Paradoxically, while it was found that myosins from class XI regulate most organelle movement, it is not quite clear how or even if these motor proteins attach to the organelles whose movement they regulate.
植物细胞器具有高度的运动性，陆生植物细胞中的速度值为 3-7 µm/s，而轮藻藻类细胞中的速度值约为 20-60 µm/s。这种运动被认为对于细胞周围物质的快速分布、植物对环境生物和非生物信号的响应能力以及正常生长非常重要。推动植物细胞内细胞器运动的主要机制基于肌动蛋白细胞骨架及其运动蛋白肌球蛋白。大多数植物表达两种主要类别的多个成员：肌球蛋白 VIII 和肌球蛋白 XI。虽然肌球蛋白 VIII 已被表征为慢肌球蛋白，但发现来自 XI 类的肌球蛋白是所有生物界中已知的最快的肌球蛋白。矛盾的是，虽然发现 XI 类肌球蛋白调节大多数细胞器的运动，但尚不清楚它们如何甚至是否将这些运动蛋白附着到它们调节运动的细胞器上。
