Abi Khalil Muriel, Damak Hassen, Décosterd Dumeng
Rev Med Suisse. 2014 Aug 13;10(438):1511-5.
The anaphylactic shock is an acute, multisystemic and potentially fatal circulatory insufficiency, secondary to an allergic reaction. The prevalence of anaphylaxis is underestimated in the general population. Many studies have reported a prevalence of 0.05-2%. Multiple etiologies are incriminated in the pathogenesis of anaphylaxis, and these etiologies vary depending on age and geographic zones. The clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis are multiple, owing to the multisystemic character of this pathology. The gold standard in management of anaphylaxis is thought to be the rapid and early administration of epinephrine by intra-muscular route. The prevention of anaphylaxis remains the treatment of choice. Educating the patient is an important aspect of anaphylaxis follow-up along with the prescription of epinephrine autoinjectors.
过敏性休克是一种继发于过敏反应的急性、多系统且可能致命的循环功能不全。在普通人群中，过敏反应的患病率被低估。许多研究报告其患病率为0.05%-2%。过敏反应的发病机制涉及多种病因，且这些病因因年龄和地理区域而异。由于这种病理的多系统特征，过敏反应的临床表现多种多样。过敏性休克治疗的金标准被认为是通过肌肉注射途径快速、早期给予肾上腺素。预防过敏反应仍然是首选的治疗方法。对患者进行教育是过敏反应随访的一个重要方面，同时还要开具肾上腺素自动注射器的处方。
