Ogunnowo-Bada E O, Heeley N, Brochard L, Evans M L
Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, IMS Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014 Sep;16 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):26-32. doi: 10.1111/dom.12334.
It is increasingly apparent that the brain plays a central role in metabolic homeostasis, including the maintenance of blood glucose. This is achieved by various efferent pathways from the brain to periphery, which help control hepatic glucose flux and perhaps insulin-stimulated insulin secretion. Also, critically important for the brain given its dependence on a constant supply of glucose as a fuel--emergency counter-regulatory responses are triggered by the brain if blood glucose starts to fall. To exert these control functions, the brain needs to detect rapidly and accurately changes in blood glucose. In this review, we summarize some of the mechanisms postulated to play a role in this and examine the potential role of the low-affinity hexokinase, glucokinase, in the brain as a key part of some of this sensing. We also discuss how these processes may become altered in diabetes and related metabolic diseases.
越来越明显的是，大脑在代谢稳态中发挥着核心作用，包括维持血糖水平。这是通过从大脑到外周的各种传出途径实现的，这些途径有助于控制肝脏的葡萄糖通量，或许还能控制胰岛素刺激的胰岛素分泌。此外，鉴于大脑对持续供应葡萄糖作为燃料的依赖性——如果血糖开始下降，大脑会触发紧急反调节反应，这对大脑至关重要。为了发挥这些控制功能，大脑需要快速准确地检测血糖变化。在这篇综述中，我们总结了一些推测在其中起作用的机制，并研究了低亲和力己糖激酶（葡萄糖激酶）在大脑中作为这种传感的关键部分的潜在作用。我们还讨论了这些过程在糖尿病和相关代谢疾病中可能如何发生改变。
