Michal Matthias, Duven Eva, Giralt Sebastian, Dreier Michael, Müller Kai W, Adler Julia, Beutel Manfred E, Wölfling Klaus
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany,
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015 Jun;50(6):995-1003. doi: 10.1007/s00127-014-0957-2. Epub 2014 Sep 9.
Depersonalization (DP) involves unpleasant experiences of detachment from one's sense of self or unreality in the environment. DP may occur in a broad range of conditions, among healthy persons due to sleep loss, drug induced, secondary to anxiety disorders or primary in depersonalization disorder. Although DP has an early age of onset, little is known about the prevalence and correlates of DP among adolescents.
Between January and June 2011, we conducted a questionnaire-based representative survey of pupils aged 12-18 years in the federal state Rhineland-Palatinate of Germany. The final sample comprised 3,809 pupils. We analyzed the prevalence of depersonalization and its correlates regarding sociodemographic characteristics, substance abuse, global mental distress and resilience factors.
One-third of the sample showed severe global mental distress, and 11.9 % were in the range of clinically significant depersonalization. Depersonalized students were less often living with both parents (67.3 vs. 75.7 %), came more often from an disadvantaged socioeconomic background, had a very severe level of global mental distress (comparable to psychiatric inpatients), were more often smoking and abusing cannabis and they suffered from specific impairments regarding social insecurity, global self-efficacy and active coping abilities.
Experiences of depersonalization were very common among adolescents and may indicate an increased risk for poor academic achievement and mental health in the long term. Prospective studies are needed to investigate the course and clinical relevance of depersonalization for the development of the adolescents.
人格解体（DP）涉及与自我意识分离或环境中不真实感的不愉快体验。DP可能发生在多种情况下，在健康人群中，可由睡眠不足、药物诱发、继发于焦虑症或原发性人格解体障碍引起。尽管DP发病年龄较早，但对于青少年中DP的患病率及其相关因素知之甚少。
2011年1月至6月期间，我们对德国莱茵兰-普法尔茨州12至18岁的学生进行了一项基于问卷的代表性调查。最终样本包括3809名学生。我们分析了人格解体的患病率及其与社会人口学特征、药物滥用、全球精神痛苦和恢复力因素的相关性。
三分之一的样本显示出严重的全球精神痛苦，11.9%的人处于具有临床意义的人格解体范围内。人格解体的学生较少与父母双方同住（67.3%对75.7%），更多来自社会经济地位不利的背景，全球精神痛苦程度非常严重（与精神科住院患者相当），吸烟和滥用大麻的频率更高，并且在社会不安全感、全球自我效能感和积极应对能力方面存在特定损害。
人格解体体验在青少年中非常普遍，从长期来看，可能表明学业成绩不佳和心理健康风险增加。需要进行前瞻性研究来调查人格解体对青少年发展的病程和临床相关性。
