King's College London, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Weston Education Centre, London, SE5 9RJ, UK.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012 Feb;47(2):253-61. doi: 10.1007/s00127-010-0327-7. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
Depersonalization syndrome is characterised by a sense of unreality about the self [depersonalization (DP)] and/or the outside world [derealization (DR)]. Prevalence estimates vary widely. Little is known about childhood antecedents of the disorder although emotional abuse is thought to play a role.
Longitudinal data from 3,275 participants of a UK population-based birth cohort (the MRC National Survey of Health and Development) were used to: (1) assess the prevalence of DP syndrome at age 36, measured by the Present State Examination (PSE); and (2) examine the effects of a range of socio-demographic, childhood adversity and emotional responses as potential risk factors for DP.
Thirty three survey members were classified with DP, yielding a prevalence of 0.95% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.56-1.34]. There were no associations with socio-economic status, parental death or divorce; self-reported accidents, childhood depression, tendency to daydream or reactions to criticism. However, teacher-estimated childhood anxiety was a strong independent predictor of adult depersonalization, and there were strong cross-sectional relationships between DP and anxiety and depression caseness.
To our knowledge this is the first study assessing nationwide prevalence of the DP syndrome and uses longitudinal data to explore childhood risk factors for adult DP. The prevalence of adult DP was slightly lower than reported by other surveys. The study found that childhood anxiety was the only significant predictor of the adult DP syndrome, supporting the view that depersonalisation disorder forms part of the spectrum of responses to anxiety.
人格解体综合征的特征是自我[人格解体 (DP)]和/或外部世界[现实解体 (DR)]的不真实感。患病率估计差异很大。尽管人们认为情感虐待起了作用,但对该疾病的童年前因知之甚少。
使用英国人群出生队列(MRC 国家健康与发展调查)3275 名参与者的纵向数据:(1) 通过现状检查 (PSE) 评估 36 岁时 DP 综合征的患病率;(2) 研究一系列社会人口学、儿童逆境和情绪反应作为 DP 的潜在危险因素的影响。
33 名调查参与者被归类为 DP,患病率为 0.95%[95%置信区间 (CI) 0.56-1.34]。与社会经济地位、父母死亡或离婚、自我报告的事故、儿童期抑郁症、白日梦倾向或对批评的反应无关。然而,教师评估的儿童焦虑是成年人格解体的一个强烈独立预测因素,DP 与焦虑和抑郁病例之间存在强烈的横断面关系。
据我们所知,这是第一项评估 DP 综合征全国患病率的研究,并使用纵向数据探讨了儿童时期成年 DP 的危险因素。成年 DP 的患病率略低于其他调查的报告。该研究发现,儿童时期的焦虑是成年 DP 综合征的唯一显著预测因素,这支持了人格解体障碍是焦虑反应谱的一部分的观点。