Armbruster Diana, Pieper Lars, Klotsche Jens, Hoyer Jürgen
Institute of Personality and Individual Differences, Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany,
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015 Jan;50(1):153-63. doi: 10.1007/s00127-014-0959-0. Epub 2014 Sep 9.
To examine whether optimism/pessimism reliably predicts depression and whether such function is stable also in older age.
In a prospective study, we observed a representative sample of n = 4,046 primary care patients over 5 years. The Life Orientation Test (LOT-R, measuring optimism/pessimism) and the Depression-Screening Questionnaire were applied. Medical diagnoses were recorded by the treating physician in a structured medical interview.
Depression could only be predicted by LOT-R scores in younger-age cohorts. In older adults, test stability and predictive accuracy of optimism/pessimism were markedly reduced, while somatic comorbidity gained importance as a predictor.
Predictive value of screening measures for mental disorders may be specific in older age due to lower trait stability and age-specific psychometric limitations as well as age-related changes in relevant predictors.
探讨乐观/悲观情绪是否能可靠地预测抑郁症，以及这种功能在老年人中是否也稳定。
在一项前瞻性研究中，我们对4046名初级保健患者的代表性样本进行了为期5年的观察。应用了生活取向测试（LOT-R，测量乐观/悲观情绪）和抑郁筛查问卷。治疗医生在结构化的医学访谈中记录医学诊断。
抑郁症只能由年轻队列中的LOT-R分数预测。在老年人中，乐观/悲观情绪的测试稳定性和预测准确性明显降低，而躯体合并症作为预测因素变得更加重要。
由于特质稳定性较低、特定年龄的心理测量局限性以及相关预测因素的年龄相关变化，精神障碍筛查措施的预测价值在老年人中可能具有特异性。
