单电子希拉德引擎的实验实现。
Experimental realization of a Szilard engine with a single electron.
机构信息
Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland;
Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland; Centre for Metrology and Accreditation, 02151, Espoo, Finland; Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland; and.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Sep 23;111(38):13786-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1406966111. Epub 2014 Sep 8.
Abstract
The most succinct manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics is the limitation imposed by the Landauer principle on the amount of heat a Maxwell demon (MD) can convert into free energy per single bit of information obtained in a measurement. We propose and realize an electronic MD based on a single-electron box operated as a Szilard engine, where kBT ln 2 of heat is extracted from the reservoir at temperature T per one bit of created information. The information is encoded in the position of an extra electron in the box.
摘要
热力学第二定律最简洁的表现形式是由兰道尔原理对麦克斯韦妖（MD）在单次测量中获取单个比特信息时所能转化的自由能热量的限制。我们提出并实现了一种基于单电子盒的电子 MD，该电子盒作为一个 Szilard 引擎运行，可以从温度为 T 的储液器中提取 kBT ln 2 的热量，每产生一个比特的信息。信息被编码在盒子中的一个额外电子的位置上。
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