Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
J Phys Chem Lett. 2022 Aug 4;13(30):6912-6918. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01736. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
Brownian information engines can extract work from thermal fluctuations by utilizing information. To date, the studies on Brownian information engines consider the system in a thermal bath; however, many processes in nature occur in a nonequilibrium setting, such as the suspensions of self-propelled microorganisms or cellular environments called an active bath. Here, we introduce an archetypal model for a Maxwell-demon type cyclic Brownian information engine operating in a Gaussian correlated active bath capable of extracting more work than its thermal counterpart. We obtain a general integral fluctuation theorem for the active engine that includes additional mutual information gained from the active bath with a unique effective temperature. This effective description modifies the generalized second law and provides a new upper bound for the extracted work. Unlike the passive information engine operating in a thermal bath, the active information engine extracts colossal power that peaks at the finite cycle period. Our study provides fundamental insights into the design and functioning of synthetic and biological submicrometer motors in active baths under measurement and feedback control.
布朗信息引擎可以通过利用信息从热波动中提取功。迄今为止，布朗信息引擎的研究都考虑了处于热浴中的系统；然而，自然界中的许多过程都发生在非平衡环境中，例如自推进微生物的悬浮液或称为主动浴的细胞环境。在这里，我们引入了一个典型的模型，用于在能够提取比其热对应物更多功的高斯相关主动浴中运行的麦克斯韦恶魔型循环布朗信息引擎。我们得到了主动引擎的一般积分涨落定理，其中包括从主动浴中获得的额外互信息，以及一个独特的有效温度。这种有效描述修改了广义第二定律，并为提取的功提供了新的上限。与在热浴中运行的被动信息引擎不同，主动信息引擎提取出巨大的功率，其峰值出现在有限的循环周期内。我们的研究为在测量和反馈控制下的主动浴中的合成和生物亚微米马达的设计和功能提供了基本的见解。
