Kreisinger Jakub, Cížková Dagmar, Vohánka Jaroslav, Piálek Jaroslav
Studenec Research Facility, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, I-38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
Mol Ecol. 2014 Oct;23(20):5048-60. doi: 10.1111/mec.12909. Epub 2014 Sep 29.
The effects of gastrointestinal tract microbiota (GTM) on host physiology and health have been the subject of considerable interest in recent years. While a variety of captive bred species have been used in experiments, the extent to which GTM of captive and/or inbred individuals resembles natural composition and variation in wild populations is poorly understood. Using 454 pyrosequencing, we performed 16S rDNA GTM barcoding for 30 wild house mice (Mus musculus) and wild-derived inbred strain mice belonging to two subspecies (M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus). Sequenced individuals were selected according to a 2 × 2 experimental design: wild (14) vs. inbred origin (16) and M. m. musculus (15) vs. M. m. domesticus (15). We compared alpha diversity (i.e. number of operational taxonomic units - OTUs), beta diversity (i.e. interindividual variability) and microbiota composition across the four groups. We found no difference between M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus subspecies, suggesting low effect of genetic differentiation between these two subspecies on GTM structure. Both inbred and wild populations showed the same level of microbial alpha and beta diversity; however, we found strong differentiation in microbiota composition between wild and inbred populations. Relative abundance of ~ 16% of OTUs differed significantly between wild and inbred individuals. As laboratory mice represent the most abundant model for studying the effects of gut microbiota on host metabolism, immunity and neurology, we suggest that the distinctness of laboratory-kept mouse microbiota, which differs from wild mouse microbiota, needs to be considered in future biomedical research.
近年来，胃肠道微生物群（GTM）对宿主生理和健康的影响一直是人们相当感兴趣的课题。虽然在实验中使用了多种圈养繁殖的物种，但对于圈养个体和/或近交个体的GTM与野生种群的自然组成和变异的相似程度，人们了解甚少。我们使用454焦磷酸测序技术，对30只野生家鼠（小家鼠）和属于两个亚种（小家鼠指名亚种和小家鼠家鼠亚种）的野生近交系小鼠进行了16S rDNA GTM条形码分析。根据2×2实验设计选择测序个体：野生（14只）与近交来源（16只），以及小家鼠指名亚种（15只）与小家鼠家鼠亚种（15只）。我们比较了四组之间的α多样性（即操作分类单元 - OTU的数量）、β多样性（即个体间变异性）和微生物群组成。我们发现小家鼠指名亚种和小家鼠家鼠亚种之间没有差异，这表明这两个亚种之间的遗传分化对GTM结构的影响较小。近交种群和野生种群都表现出相同水平的微生物α和β多样性；然而，我们发现野生种群和近交种群之间的微生物群组成存在强烈分化。野生个体和近交个体之间约16%的OTU相对丰度存在显著差异。由于实验室小鼠是研究肠道微生物群对宿主代谢、免疫和神经学影响的最丰富模型，我们建议在未来的生物医学研究中需要考虑实验室饲养小鼠微生物群与野生小鼠微生物群的差异。
