Whiting Caroline, Shtyrov Yury, Marslen-Wilson William
University of Cambridge.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2015 Feb;27(2):246-65. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00699.
Despite a century of research into visual word recognition, basic questions remain unresolved about the functional architecture of the process that maps visual inputs from orthographic analysis onto lexical form and meaning and about the units of analysis in terms of which these processes are conducted. Here we use magnetoencephalography, supported by a masked priming behavioral study, to address these questions using contrasting sets of simple (walk), complex (swimmer), and pseudo-complex (corner) forms. Early analyses of orthographic structure, detectable in bilateral posterior temporal regions within a 150-230 msec time frame, are shown to segment the visual input into linguistic substrings (words and morphemes) that trigger lexical access in left middle temporal locations from 300 msec. These are primarily feedforward processes and are not initially constrained by lexical-level variables. Lexical constraints become significant from 390 msec, in both simple and complex words, with increased processing of pseudowords and pseudo-complex forms. These results, consistent with morpho-orthographic models based on masked priming data, map out the real-time functional architecture of visual word recognition, establishing basic feedforward processing relationships between orthographic form, morphological structure, and lexical meaning.
尽管对视觉单词识别已经进行了一个世纪的研究，但关于将来自正字法分析的视觉输入映射到词汇形式和意义的过程的功能架构，以及进行这些过程所依据的分析单元等基本问题仍未得到解决。在此，我们利用脑磁图技术，并辅以一项掩蔽启动行为研究，通过使用对比组的简单形式（walk）、复杂形式（swimmer）和伪复杂形式（corner）来解决这些问题。在150 - 230毫秒时间范围内，双侧后颞叶区域可检测到的早期正字法结构分析，显示将视觉输入分割为语言子串（单词和词素），这些子串从300毫秒起在左中颞叶位置触发词汇访问。这些主要是前馈过程，最初不受词汇层面变量的限制。从390毫秒起，在简单词和复杂词中，随着对伪词和伪复杂形式处理的增加，词汇限制变得显著。这些结果与基于掩蔽启动数据的形态正字法模型一致，描绘出了视觉单词识别的实时功能架构，确立了正字法形式、形态结构和词汇意义之间的基本前馈处理关系。
