Davis Andrew R, de Mestre Corrine, Maher William, Krikowa Frank, Broad Allison
Institute of Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2014 Dec;33(12):2818-25. doi: 10.1002/etc.2747. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
To be effective sentinels, organisms must be able to be readily translocated to contamination hotspots. The authors sought to assess metal accumulation in genetically identical explants of a relatively common estuarine sponge, Suberites cf. diversicolor. Explants were transplanted to 7 locations across a metal contamination gradient in a large coastal estuary in southeastern Australia to establish, first, that explants of this species could be successfully translocated; second, that explants accumulated metals (cadmium, copper, lead, selenium, and zinc) sufficiently rapidly to be effective sentinels; third, that rates of metal accumulation in explants were in agreement with metal concentrations within sediments (<63-µm fraction) at each of the transplant locations; and finally, that changes in explant biomass correlated with overall metal load. Suberites were readily transplanted, with no mortality observed for the 2 mo of transplantation. Metal accumulation for lead, cadmium, and zinc was in close agreement with sediment metal concentrations, and explants showed dramatic increases in these metals in the heavily contaminated northern sections of the estuarine lake. No striking patterns were apparent for copper and selenium. Finally, growth was negatively correlated with total metal load and standardized total metal load in our explants. Taken together, these outcomes confirm that explants of this sponge are amenable to translocation and show considerable promise as biomonitors.
要成为有效的哨兵生物，生物体必须能够轻易地转移到污染热点地区。作者试图评估一种相对常见的河口海绵——多彩软海绵（Suberites cf. diversicolor）基因相同的外植体中的金属积累情况。将外植体移植到澳大利亚东南部一个大型沿海河口的7个沿金属污染梯度分布的地点，首先是为了确定该物种的外植体能够成功转移；其次是为了确定外植体能够足够快速地积累金属（镉、铜、铅、硒和锌）以成为有效的哨兵；第三是为了确定外植体中金属的积累速率与每个移植地点沉积物（<63微米部分）中的金属浓度一致；最后是为了确定外植体生物量的变化与总金属负荷相关。多彩软海绵很容易移植，在2个月的移植期内未观察到死亡情况。铅、镉和锌的金属积累与沉积物金属浓度密切一致，并且在外海湖受严重污染的北部区域，外植体中这些金属的含量显著增加。铜和硒没有明显的规律。最后，我们外植体的生长与总金属负荷和标准化总金属负荷呈负相关。综上所述，这些结果证实了这种海绵的外植体适合转移，并作为生物监测器具有很大的前景。
