Davis Irene S
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Oct;44(10):775-84. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2014.5521. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
The running shoe has gone through significant changes since its inception. The purpose of this paper is to review these changes, the majority of which have occurred over the past 50 years. Running footwear began as very minimal, then evolved to become highly cushioned and supportive. However, over the past 5 years, there has been a reversal of this trend, with runners seeking more minimal shoes that allow their feet more natural motion. This abrupt shift toward footwear without cushioning and support has led to reports of injuries associated with minimal footwear. In response to this, the running footwear industry shifted again toward the development of lightweight, partial minimal shoes that offer some support and cushioning. In this paper, studies comparing the mechanics between running in minimal, partial minimal, and traditional shoes are reviewed. The implications for injuries in all 3 conditions are examined. The use of minimal footwear in other populations besides runners is discussed. Finally, areas for future research into minimal footwear are suggested.
自跑鞋问世以来，经历了重大变革。本文旨在回顾这些变革，其中大部分变革发生在过去50年。跑鞋最初非常简约，随后演变为具有高度缓冲和支撑功能。然而，在过去5年里，这一趋势发生了逆转，跑步者开始寻求更简约的鞋子，以使他们的脚部能有更自然的运动。这种向无缓冲和支撑功能鞋子的突然转变导致了与简约鞋类相关的受伤报告。对此，跑鞋行业再次转向开发提供一定支撑和缓冲的轻质、部分简约型鞋子。本文回顾了比较在穿着简约型、部分简约型和传统鞋子跑步时力学原理的研究。研究了这三种情况下受伤的影响因素。讨论了除跑步者之外的其他人群使用简约鞋类的情况。最后，提出了未来关于简约鞋类研究的方向。
