Center for Statistics and Quantitative Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Center for Statistics and Quantitative Infectious Diseases, Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1292-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1254166.
Planning, implementing, and evaluating interventions against infectious diseases depend on the nature of the infectious disease; the availability of intervention measures; and logistical, economic, and political constraints. Infectious diseases and vaccine- or drug-based interventions can be loosely categorized by the degree to which the infectious disease and the intervention are well established. Pertussis, polio, and measles are three examples of long-known infectious diseases for which global vaccination has dramatically reduced the public health burden. Pertussis vaccination was introduced in the 1940s, polio vaccination in the 1950s, and measles vaccination in the 1960s, nearly eliminating these diseases in many places.
规划、实施和评估传染病干预措施取决于传染病的性质、干预措施的可及性以及后勤、经济和政治方面的限制。传染病和疫苗或药物干预措施可以根据传染病和干预措施的成熟程度进行粗略分类。百日咳、脊髓灰质炎和麻疹是三种众所周知的传染病,全球疫苗接种显著降低了这些疾病的公共卫生负担。百日咳疫苗于 20 世纪 40 年代推出,脊髓灰质炎疫苗于 20 世纪 50 年代推出,麻疹疫苗于 20 世纪 60 年代推出,几乎在许多地方消除了这些疾病。